Journal of Textile Research ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (09): 213-222.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220500202

• Comprehensive Review • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Application of silk fibroin-based biomaterials for drug delivery

LUO Yuanze1, DAI Mengnan1, LI Meng1, YU Yangxiao1, WANG Jiannan1,2()   

  1. 1. College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Silk Products for Medical and Health Use in Textile Industry,;Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
  • Received:2022-05-05 Revised:2022-10-12 Online:2023-09-15 Published:2023-10-30

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Abstract:

Significance With the increasing incidence of chronic noncommunicable diseases (e.g. cancer), inflammation and diabetes, drug delivery systems with controlled release are developed and applied in clinical practice. Silk fibroin was studied widely for applications in the fields of tissue engineering and medicine because of its good biocompatibility and biodegradability. The research on the application of silk fibroin as drug carriers attracted much global attention. In order to expand and promote the clinical applications of silk fibroin materials in pharmaceutical field, this paper reviews the latest research progress of silk fibroin in drug delivery systems, with highlights on carrier types, preparation methods, drug loading types and application properties of silk fibroin drug delivery systems.

Progress As a controlled drug carrier, silk fibroin is an ideal candidate because of its unique chemical structure and aggregated structure, and its excellent biocompatibility and controllable degradation. Silk fibroin materials can be prepared into various forms, among which silk fibroin materials in the form of microspheres, hydrogels and microneedles exhibit efficient drug loading capacity and controllable release rate when used as drug carriers, resulting in the decrease of dosing frequency and improvement of the therapeutic efficiency. Silk fibroin-based drug delivery system not only can stably encapsulate various small molecule compounds, but also deliver biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Composite drug carriers developed by combining other materials can reduce the degradation of silk fibroin drug carriers in vivo and improve the drug availability. Furthermore, the alternating arrangement of hydrophilic and hydrophobic chains of the silk fibroin macromolecule provides a structure basis for regulating the molecular conformation and aggregation structure of silk fibroin materials. The crystal form and crystallinity of silk fibroin can be regulated by physical or chemical modification to control drug release or endow targeting ability to diseased cells, which can effectively improve the therapeutic efficiency of serious diseases and reduce the damage to normal tissue cells.

Conclusion and Prospect With the continuous exploration of the biological function of silk fibroin, some progress in silk fibroin-based drug release materials has been made in association with drug delivery forms, targeted therapy and drug availability. Silk fibroin as a drug carrier has been found to prolong the circulation time of drugs in the blood, reduce the frequency of drug use and alleviate adverse drug reactions of patients. These advantages provide important guidance for in-depth and sustainable development of silk fibroin in drug delivery application. However, there are still problems in the stability of the preparation of silk fibroin drug carriers and their drug loading capacity. The quality of silk fibroin varies greatly due to the different sources, such as varieties, seasons and regions. It is necessary to standardize the characteristics and extraction method of silk fibroin. Although silk fibroin drug carriers can be endowed with the capability of targeted drug delivery by physical or chemical modification, it may be attacked by the immune system at the initial stage of entering the body, leading to failure of targeted release. The accuracy and effectiveness of silk fibroin used as drug carriers still need long-term exploration and clinical trials. With the development of material science, chemical science and pharmacy, the research and application of silk fibroin-based drug delivery systems will be further continued.

Key words: silk fibroin, drug carrier, biomedical product, controlled release, application performance

CLC Number: 

  • TS101.4

Fig. 1

Drug delivery systems developed from silk for various forms of drugs"

Tab. 1

Preparation methods of silk fibroin drug carriers"

载体形式 制备方法
纳微球 自组装法[30]、喷雾干燥法[35]、溶剂蒸发法[36]、电场调控法[40]、乳化扩散法[41]、盐析法[42]等
水凝胶 超声波法[37]、化学交联法[2]、冻融法[38]等
微针 模具法[39]、打印法[43]等
膜 铸造法[44]、沉积法[45]、静电纺丝法[46]等
多孔材料 冷冻干燥法[34]等
涂层 涂覆法[32]等

Fig. 2

Applicationt of silk fibroin in drug delivery carriers"

Fig. 3

Schematic of process for formation of pickering emulsions and silk microcapsules and their applications in delivery systems"

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