Journal of Textile Research ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (05): 138-146.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220603201

• Dyeing and Finishing Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Preparation and sensing performances of flexible temperature sensor prepared from melt-blown nonwoven materials

WANG Nan1,2, SUN Hui2,3(), YU Bin2,3, XU Lei2,3,4, ZHU Xiangxiang2,3   

  1. 1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    2. College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Insititute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    3. Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    4. Suzhou Vocational College of Economics and Trade, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
  • Received:2023-07-20 Revised:2024-01-26 Online:2024-05-15 Published:2024-05-31

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Abstract:

Objective Most of high sensitivity temperature sensors are prepared from membranes, metals and other substrate materials, and flexible textile materials with good processing performance and low cost are increasingly used much for making flexible sensors, such as wearable electronics for e-skin and health monitoring and flexible temperature sensors which have advantages in simple structure, wide range of applications and low preparation cost. This research explores the preparation and sensing performance of flexible textile temperature sensors prepared from melt-blown nowoven textiles.

Method PEDOT:PSS/CNTs/PBTNW flexible temperature sensors were prepared by co-loading poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different concentration ratios on the surface of PBT melt-blown nonwoven (PBTNW) by a simple ultrasonic process. The method is simple, and the temperature sensor can monitor the human body as well as the environment temperature, which expands the application field of textile materials.

Results SEM evaluation showed that the interstices of PBTNW loaded with PEDOT:PSS polymer were filled with a small number of one-dimensional CNTs, forming a one-dimensional and two-dimensional structure, which in turn formed a three-dimensional networls structure easy for electrical conductivity and temperature sensing. The PEDOT:PSS and the CNTs formed a complete conductive network with the PBTNW as the backbone. The presence of the polymer PEDOT:PSS mitigated the agglomeration of CNTs better than loading CNTs alone. The temperature sensing test results showed that the prepared temperature sensor achieved a sensitivity of up to -0.71%/℃ in the range of 25-80 ℃, fast response time (18 s), good linearity (R2=0.99), hysteresis as low as 4.98%, good reusability as well as a long term stability, and a sensing accuracy of 0.1 ℃ in the temperature range of 37-38 ℃. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of PBTNW and PEDOT:PSS/CNTs/PBTNW with different loading ratios were analyzed. After loading PEDOT:PSS and different ratios of PEDOT:PSS and CNTs on the surface of PBTNW, the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the prepared flexible temperature sensors were found to be the best when the ratio of PEDOT:PSS to CNTs was 1∶0.6.

Conclusion Fast response time and high sensitivity gives flexible temperature sensors not only in the environmental temperature measurement of the possibility, but also expand its possibility in the field of human body temperature monitoring. It is indicated that textile materials as a lower cost and simple processing methods of flexible materials have the prospect for applications in the field of flexible sensors. The reliability of the prepared temperature sensors was proved experimentally. However, it is difficult to have high strength due to the characteristics of nonwoven materials themselves, which limits the long-term use of nonwoven temperature sensors.

Key words: poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid, polybutylene terephalate, melt-blown nonwoven, carbon nanotube, flexible temperature sensor

CLC Number: 

  • TS176

Fig.1

Schematic diagram of fabrication process for temperature sensor"

Fig.2

SEM images of different PBTNW samples"

Fig.3

FT-IR spectra of different PBTNW temperature sensors"

Fig.4

XRD patterns of different PBTNW temperature sensors"

Fig.5

TGA curves of different PBTNW samples"

Tab.1

Comparison of thermal decomposition temperatures of different PBTNW samples"

试样名称 热分解温度/℃
T0.95 T0.95
PBTNW 300.2 442.2
PEDOT:PSS/PBTNW 302.0 449.5
PEDOT:PSS/CNTs0.3/PBTNW 320.5 450.4
PEDOT:PSS/CNTs0.6/PBTNW 342.2 456.3
PEDOT:PSS/CNTs0.9/PBTNW 325.3 446.5

Fig.6

Sensitivity for temperature sensors of PEDOT:PSS/CNTs/PBTNW samples"

Fig.7

Resistance change vs.temperature curve of PEDOT:PSS/CNTs0.6/PBTNW temperature sensor"

Fig.8

Repeatability of PEDOT:PSS/CNTs0.6/PBTNW temperature sensor"

Fig.9

Long-term stability of PEDOT:PSS/CNTs0.6/PBTNW temperature sensor"

Fig.10

Response time of PEDOT:PSS/CNTs0.6/PBTNW temperature sensor"

Fig.11

Prescision of PEDOT:PSS/CNTs0.6/PBTNW temperature sensor"

Fig.12

Hysteresis of PEDOT:PSS/CNTs0.6/PBTNW temperature sensor"

Fig.13

Tensile curves of PEDOT: PSS/CNTs with different mass ratios"

Tab.2

Longitudinal fracture strength and elongation at break of different PBTNW samples"

试样名称 断裂强度/
(N·tex-1)		 断裂
伸长率/%
PBTNW 8.301±0.220 337.9±3.12
CNTs/PBTNW 6.640±0.550 295.4±4.12
PEDOT:PSS/PBTNW 8.940±0.320 271.3±3.14
PEDOT:PSS/CNTs0.3/PBTNW 10.311±0.680 339.6±5.23
PEDOT:PSS/CNTs 0.6/PBTNW 12.421±1.102 342.6±2.98
PEDOT:PSS/CNTs0.9/PBTNW 13.381±0.930 299.4±3.17

Fig.14

Practical application of PEDOT:PSS/CNTs0.6/PBT NW temperature sensor. (a)Temperature change of water cup after adding hot water; (b)Palm temperature; (c)Hand back temperature"

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