Journal of Textile Research ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (07): 79-85.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220606401

• Textile Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Influencing factors for thermal insulating properties of cotton gauze quilts

ZHANG Luyang1, SONG Haibo2, MENG Jing1, YIN Lanjun2, LU Yehu1()   

  1. 1. College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
    2. Shenzhen Purcotton Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, China
  • Received:2022-06-27 Revised:2022-09-22 Online:2023-07-15 Published:2023-08-10

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Abstract:

Objective Studies on thermal insulating properties of quilts have been carried out aiming to improve the thermal comfort and sleep quality. Previous studies mainly focused on quilts with filling materials, and few research focused on non-filling quilts such as gauze quilt. In order to provide more understanding on comfortable sleeping microclimate, a systematic investigation on thermal insulating properties of several gauze quilts with different parameters was conducted.

Method 41 samples in total were provided, including 22 unwashed cotton gauze quilt fabric samples, 4 washed cotton gauze quilt fabric samples, 3 spunlaced cotton wadding samples, 6 cotton gauze quilt samples. The influences of air permeability, surface density and number of layers on heat resistance of cotton gauze quilts were analyzed by sweating hot plate tests and thermal manikin tests. The correlation between heat resistance of fabric and quilt was also established.

Results It was found that the heat resistance of both cotton gauze quilt samples and cotton spunlaced wadding samples have significant positive linear relationships with surface density. The heat resistance rose with the increase of surface density. The growth rate of the spunlaced cotton wadding quilts (0.006 1) was higher than that of cotton gauze quilts (0.001 7). Heat resistance of cotton gauze quilt samples decreased with the increasing of air permeability, exhibiting a low correlation, but the influence on thermal insulation was obvious when the air permeability was below 1 000 mm/s. The heat resistance of the spunlaced cotton wadding quilt showed a significant negative linear relationship with its air permeability. In addition, the air permeability and surface density presented an exponentially negative correlation. The change rate was constantly decreasing when surface density was more than 450 g/m2. Generally, the air permeability of each cotton gauze quilt was above 500 mm/s, higher than that of the spunlaced cotton wadding quilt. The surface fitting results (thermal insulation as dependent variable, air permeability and surface density as independent variables) revealed that heat resistance and air permeability exhibited a low correlation. The surface density demonstrated a significant influence on heat resistance, and the heat resistance of cotton gauze quilt exhibited a positive linear relationship with the number of cotton gauze fabric layers. The air permeability of cotton gauze quilt showed power function relationship with the number of fabric layers. The heat resistance of cotton gauze quilt was increased after washing, with the average increase of about 20%. After once machine washing in 20 ℃ water, the thickness and surface density of cotton gauze quilt was increased by 26.6% and 13.6% in average, respectively, whereas the air permeability was decreases by 8.7% in average. A significant non-linear relationship exists between the heat resistance of fabric samples and quilt samples (p<0.05), which can be approximately expressed by an exponential function. In particular, they show approximate a linear relationship when the heat resistance of fabric was less than 1.8 clo.

Conclusion The heat resistance of the cotton gauze quilts has a significant positive linear relationship with the surface density, exhibiting a negative and low correlated relationship with the air permeability. Therefore, surface density is more appropriate for the prediction of heat resistance value in engineering application. Under the same surface density, spunlaced cotton wadding quilt provides higher thermal insulating properties, while cotton gauze quilt provides bigger air permeability. The superimposition of cotton gauze fabric layers can produce thicker air gaps, resulting in higher thermal insulating property of cotton gauze quilt. Once machine washing has a positive effect on thermal insulating property of cotton gauze quilt by virtue of the increase of thickness and surface density after washing. Moreover, heat resistance of fabric samples can be adopted to predict the heat resistance of quilt, showing a significant non-linear correlation. These research findings can provide evidence for the design of cotton gauze quilts and usage guideline to achieve thermal comfort during sleeping.

Key words: cotton gauze quilt, spunlaced cotton wadding quilt, sweating hot plate, heat resistance, thermal insulating property, air permeability

CLC Number: 

  • TS941.75

Tab. 1

Parameters of unwashed cotton gauze quilt fabric"

样品
编号		 样品结构 样品
层数		 样品
厚度/mm		 单层纱布参数
单层纱布
位置		 密度/
(根·(2.54 cm2)-1)
G1 双层纱布 2 1.240 50×50
G2 4层纱布 4 2.378 66×80
G3 4层纱布(粗纱) 2.004 64×59
G4 4层蜂巢 1.888 60×60
G5 4层纱布(2个2层织物叠放) 1.159 50×50
G6 4层斜纹纱布 1.979 第1、4层
第2、3层		 42×42
42×21
G7 4层纱布(4个单层织物叠放) 0.941 30×30
G8 4层纱布(2个2层织物叠放) 1.246 60×60
G9 4层纱布(2个2层织物叠放) 1.086 80×65
G10 双层纱布+平纹皱布(2个2层织物叠放) 2.854 55×42
G11 6层纱布(2个3层织物叠放) 6 2.740 55×43
G12 6层纱布(2个3层织物叠放) 1.808 54×54
G13 6层提花纱布 2.273 28×33
G14 6层纱布 2.782 172×176
G15 6层加密纱布 3.297 210×230
G16 6层纱布 2.132 28×33
G17 6层纱布(6个单层织物叠放) 1.459 30×30
G18 8层纱布(2个4层织物叠放) 3.446 第1、4层
第2、3层		 42×41
8
G19 8层一体纱布 3.895 180×174
G20 8层一体蜂巢 4.164 210×206
G21 10层纱布 10 6.371 232×232
G22 12层纱布 12 6.019 232×232

Tab. 2

Parameters of uncut cotton wadded quilt fabric"

样品编号 样品质量/g 样品尺寸(长×宽)/m
C1 730 1.25×1.55
C2 1 300 1.50×2.00
C3 850 1.00×1.20

Tab. 3

Parameters of multi layer cotton gauze quilt product and corresponding fabric"

被子样品
编号		 层数 纱布被种类 单层纱布密度/
(根·(2.54 cm2)-1)
Q1-a 4 4层斜纹纱布被 126×126
Q2-a 4层纱布夹棉被 100×100
Q3-a 6 6层纱布被 154×166
Q4-a 6层加密纱布被 210×210
Q5-a 8 8层印花纱布被 210×206
Q6-a 12 12层纱布被 232×232

Fig. 1

Fitting results of heat resistance and surface density"

Fig. 2

Fitting results of heat resistance and air permeability"

Fig. 3

Fitting results of air permeability and surface density"

Fig. 4

Fitting results of heat resistance and stack number of layers"

Fig. 5

Relationship of heat resistance, air permeability and number of layers of folded sample. (a) Fitting results of heat resistance and number of layers;(b) Fitting results of air permeability and number of layers"

Fig. 6

Influences of washing treatment on heat resistance"

Tab. 4

Parameters of unwashed and washed cotton gauze quilt fabric"

样品
编号		 水洗处理前 水洗处理后
透气率/(mm·s-1) 厚度/mm 面密度/(g·m-2) 透气率/(mm·s-1) 厚度/mm 面密度/(g·m-2)
G6 1 945.24 1.978 232.7 1 716.93 2.330 249.5
G13 2 046.27 2.273 252.4 1 908.29 3.052 279.6
G16 1 973.75 2.132 245.5 1 829.26 2.734 296.6
G21 969.63 5.789 532.0 880.99 7.302 614.8

Fig. 7

Fitting relationship between heat resistances of gauze quilt product and corresponding fabric"

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