Journal of Textile Research ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 225-232.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220701302

• Comprehensive Review • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research progress in electret technology for melt-blown nonwovens

MENG Na1, WANG Xianfeng1,2(), LI Zhaoling1, YU Jianyong2, DING Bin2   

  1. 1. College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2. Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2022-12-05 Revised:2023-09-06 Online:2023-12-15 Published:2024-01-22

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Abstract:

Significance Industrial development caused air pollution. Parallel to the effort of control air pollution, it has become necessary and important to have materials which is capable of filtering the polluted air for people to breathe clean air. The most direct and effective way to achieve this goal is to use air purifiers, masks, and other related filtering equipment. The outbreak and spread of COVID-19 pandemic in recent years have brought great challenges to global public health protection, and various countries took various protective measures. Filtering materials with low air resistance, high filtration efficiency, and high charge storage stability have attracted much attention, and the market demand has been growing. Safety protection articles such as masks, protective clothing, and respirators have become indispensable pandemic prevention materials and for normal epidemic prevention. Melt-blown nonwovens, as the key materials of protective articles, have attracted much attention in the research of melt-blown nonwovens with high efficiency, low resistance, and stable charge storage.
Progress In order to deeply understand the research status of the electret technology of melt-blown nonwovens, this paper systematically reviewed the electret technology for making melt-blown nonwovens, the electret effect of melt-blown nonwovens and the prospect of electret melt-blown nonwovens. The paper summarized the characteristics and mechanisms of six electret technologies, including corona charging, friction electrification, electrospinning, and water electret. The technology and application status of corona electret and water electret treatment were analyzed in the main. Additionally, the mechanism of electrostatic storage and its stability were introduced. Then the influence of electret material, electret process, and polymer crystal structure on the electrostatic storage performance of melt-blown nonwovens was also analyzed. Furthermore, in view of the challenges to electret technology, this paper summarized the development of new electret materials with multi-function and high-added value and the combination of multiple electret technologies as the main development direction of electret melt-blown nonwovens in the future.
Conclusion and Prospect With the continuous outbreak of global infectious diseases, awareness of health, safety, and protection is gradually enhanced, and the quality requirements for protective articles are constantly improved. The research and development of electret melt blown nonwovens with stable charge storage has become a scientific problem that needs to be solved urgently, which is of great significance to promoting the construction of emergency public health safety in the world. At present, electret melt blown nonwovens are made using mainly two processes, i.e., electrostatic electret and water electret. Researchers of electrostatic electret preparation methods have made some positive achievements, but the technical development and research of water electret need to be further explored. In general, with the development of new materials and the improvement of new technologies, electret melt-blown nonwovens with stable charge storage, longer service life, diverse functions, and good comfort will be more widely used in the fields of filter materials, barrier materials, medical and health materials, and so on. With the progress of information and digital technology, as well as the acceleration of industrialization and manufacturing power, intelligent, information-based, and digital electret melt blown nonwovens will also become a new trend of development. Improving the electrostatic storage and stability of electret melt blown nonwovens has also become an important and necessary work for industrial textile workers.

Key words: melt-blown process, nonwoven, electrostatic electret, water electret, charge storage property

CLC Number: 

  • TS174

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of meltblown process"

Tab. 1

Electrostatic electret mechanism and process and characteristics"

驻极
方法		 驻极机制及过程 特点
电晕充电 非均匀电场引起空气局部击穿,产生的离子束轰击电介质使材料带电 工业应用广泛
摩擦起电 物体接触摩擦时产生的热激发作用,使物体间发生电子转移带电 效率低
静电纺丝 在静电场中,高分子溶液或熔体流动与变形使材料带电 操作简单
热极化 电介质材料在高温电场下,经高温热活化的偶极子沿电场方向取向,进入低温电场后分子冻结取向带电 电荷分布不匀,温湿度的影响大
低能电子
束轰击		 低能电子束轰击电介质,被电介质捕获并储存使材料带电 不易实现工业化
水驻极
充电		 利用经过特殊处理过的水溶液对熔喷非织造布进行穿透,通过水溶液与纤维的摩擦带电 产生的电荷稳定、能耗高

Fig. 2

Mechanism of corona charging"

Fig. 3

Schematic diagram of water electret process"

Fig. 4

Electret charge storage model"

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