Journal of Textile Research ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (05): 79-84.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220708001

• Textile Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Composite technology and properties of fabrics for automotive seat

HE Fang, GUO Yan(), HAN Chaoxu, LIU Mingshen, YANG Ruirui   

  1. College of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
  • Received:2023-01-27 Revised:2024-02-04 Online:2024-05-15 Published:2024-05-31

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Abstract:

Objective The functional fabrics are one of the important research directions of automotive seat fabrics in recent years. The automotive seat fabrics were made of several materials with different properties to obtain composite functions. In this research, 33.3 tex flame-retardant polyester yarn and 33.3 tex ordinary polyester low-elastic yarn were used to produce the automotive seat fabric, using small jacquard stitching double structure, to achieve good decoration effect, and lame resistance. The warp-knitted spacer fabric (WKSP) offers satisfactory air permeability, breaking and tearing strength, and the elastic recovery, so it is a good material to replace sponge. The knitted fabrics are known to have excellent extension to achieve smooth fabric conformation.

Method In this work, a simple jacquard fabric was selected as surface fabric (1#). The warp-knitted spacer fabric (WKSF) was used as the middle layer because of its good compression and resilience performance. A knitted fabric was selected as bottom fabric (2#). Then, the 1#, 2# and WKSF were glued with a new type of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) hot melt adhesive through the self-developed hot pressing bonding machine to perform composite lamination. The laminating process was designed and applied. Under the optimized conditions, peel strength and air permeability were evaluated to explore the influence of WKSF of different structures on lamination.

Results Three factors, i.e. the temperature, time and glue amount, were studied and analyzed. The glue amount had a positive impact on the peeling strength, and the compounding time showed a favorable influence on the air permeability of the seat fabric. Meanwhile, TPU hot melt adhesive is a dopted to combine automotive seat fabrics, which could meet the standard or even far higher than the standard evaluation of car seat fabric in air permeability and peeling strength.The orthogonal experiment method was adopted to plan the experiments and the results revealed the optimal composite process parameters, which were composite temperature of 120 ℃, time of 100 s, and 50 g/m2glue application. A new material was WKSF of different structures as middle layer for automotive seat cover instead polymeric foam, and the number of meshes for WKSF and the density of spacer filaments could have an impact on the composite lamination results. A variety of factors of WKSF was comprehensively analyzed to obtain a better influence on the composite lamination by the gray near optimization method. When the number of meshes could be obtained 45 mesh number/(25 cm2), the thickness was 7.12 mm, and the density of spacer filaments was 39.71 pieces/cm2, composite automotive seat fabric had excellent performances in air permeability and peeling strength.

Conclusion The results show that composite car seat fabric materials have multi-functions, such as decoration and preservation type. The surface layer use flame-retardant polyester fibers and ordinary polyester fibers to interweave, double-layer small jacquard to increase aesthetic and flame-retardant.The WKSF as middle layer in car seat cover has an important role of supporting frame, and it could help solve environmental protection problems and recycling problems.Through composite lamination, the automotive seat fabric can achieve better flame retardancy, air permeability, resilience, peeling strength, etc, which can improve the grade, comfort, beauty, green environmental protection of automotive seat fabric, and could meet requirements of automotive seat textiles completely.

Key words: automotive seat fabric, composite lamination, warp knitted spacer fabric, flame retardant, peel strength, air permeability

CLC Number: 

  • TS101.8

Tab.1

WKSF specification parameters"

织物
编号		 网眼数/
(个·
(25 cm2)-1)		 厚度/
mm		 间隔丝密度/
(根·cm-2)		 面密度/
(g·m-2)
WKSF1 45 7.12 39.71 546.40
WKSF2 58 5.41 48.85 378.13
WKSF3 80 4.81 41.67 275.22
WKSF4 95 4.99 70.66 346.36

Fig.1

WKSF surface structure"

Fig.2

Weaving diagram of surface fabric"

Fig.3

Fabric physical picture of 1#. (a) Front side; (b) Back side"

Fig.4

Composite work flow chart of thermal bonding machine"

Fig.5

Structure diagram of composite fabric"

Tab.2

Composite process parameters"

水平 A
温度/℃		 B
时间/s		 C
施胶量/(g·m-2)
1 120 60 25
2 140 80 50
3 160 100 75

Tab.3

Analysis table of orthogonal experiment results for laminated composite process"

样品
编号		 A B C 表层-中间层 里层-中间层 透气率/
(mm·s-1)
剥离强力/N CV值 剥离强力/N CV值
1 1 1 1 35.00 0.042 0 34.07 0.024 7 809.27
2 1 2 2 41.51 0.093 3 56.03 0.134 5 705.63
3 1 3 3 64.45 0.175 0 59.80 0.110 6 610.38
4 2 1 3 40.26 0.134 9 42.88 0.111 5 680.72
5 2 2 1 44.68 0.111 8 56.85 0.164 1 637.17
6 2 3 2 35.84 0.023 9 41.71 0.086 3 685.79
7 3 1 2 35.04 0.045 7 39.25 0.078 0 747.07
8 3 2 3 33.56 0.024 6 38.54 0.044 6 644.26
9 3 3 1 35.33 0.025 8 43.54 0.075 6 670.35
K 1 ¯ 46.98 36.76 34.80 对表层-中间层的剥离强力直观分析
优化工艺为A1B3C3
K 2 ¯ 40.26 39.91 39.03
K 3 ¯ 34.64 45.20 48.05
R 12.34 8.44 13.25
K 1 ¯ 0.103 4 0.074 2 0.030 2 对表层-中间层的CV值直观分析
优化工艺为A3B1C1
K 2 ¯ 0.090 2 0.076 6 0.084 7
K 3 ¯ 0.032 0 0.074 9 0.110 9
R 0.071 4 0.000 7 0.080 7
K 1 ¯ 49.96 38.73 38.10 对里层-中间层的剥离强力直观分析
优化工艺为 A1B2C3
K 2 ¯ 47.14 50.47 47.48
K 3 ¯ 40.44 48.35 51.96
R 9.52 11.74 13.86
K 1 ¯ 0.089 9 0.071 4 0.051 9 对里层-中间层的CV值直观分析
优化工艺为A3B1C1
K 2 ¯ 0.120 6 0.114 4 0.107 2
K 3 ¯ 0.066 1 0.090 8 0.117 6
R 0.089 9 0.071 4 0.051 9
K 1 ¯ 662.35 745.69 713.12 对透气率直观分析
优化工艺为A3B1C1
K 2 ¯ 667.89 662.35 685.57
K 3 ¯ 687.22 655.51 664.87
R 24.87 90.18 48.23

Tab.4

Average value of test data of different WKSF"

试样
编号		 透气率/
(mm·s-1)		 表层-中间层 里层-中间层
剥离强
力/N		 CV值 剥离强
力/N		 CV值
WKSF1 1 112.75 39.29 0.036 6 36.95 0.044 7
WKSF2 1 001.96 36.66 0.042 2 40.52 0.040 7
WKSF3 414.33 40.23 0.083 7 43.71 0.081 2
WKSF4 752.47 38.01 0.059 1 43.34 0.059 6
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