Journal of Textile Research ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (02): 151-158.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220804208

• Textile Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Determination and validation of comfort temperatures for quilts based on temperature rating model of sleeping bags

ZHENG Qing1, YAN Fangying1, KE Ying2, WANG Hongbo1()   

  1. 1. College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
    2. School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
  • Received:2022-08-16 Revised:2022-10-15 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-03-07

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Abstract:

Objective Quilts, as one of the essential components of the bedding system, play an important role in the sleeping comfort of human beings. With the variations in geographic locations and season alterations, people have to select quilts properly to satisfy the thermal comfort for the sleeping environment. However, limited studies have investigated the quilt applicable temperatures. Sleeping bags have similar functions as quilts and their temperature rating model has been commonly applied in practice. Therefore, this study was carried out to explore the validation of determining comfort temperature for quilts based on the temperature rating model of sleeping bags.
Method Based on the sleeping bag temperature rating model, the method for calculating the lower and upper boundaries of comfortable temperature of quilts was proposed. In order to validate the calculation method, the thermal comfort of 3 types of quilts (i.e., silk, down and polyester) was studied. Each type of quilt involved 4 filling weights. The whole-night sleeping trials were performed by 10 participants to acquire their skin temperatures and subjective thermal perception when using each quilt in its designated temperatures.
Results The result showed that due to different thermal insulating property, different types of quilt had different upper and lower comfortable temperatures, and the difference between the upper and lower comfortable temperatures increased with the increase of filling weights (Fig. 4). Both the mean skin temperatures and distal-proximal skin temperature gradients (DPG) showed significant differences in using different types of quilt (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). The average mean skin temperatures during 1-8 h in the usage of silk, down and polyester quilts were 34.0, 34.5 and 34.9 ℃ respectively as the lower boundary of the comfortable temperature, and they were 35.1, 35.5 and 35.6 ℃ as the upper boundary of comfortable temperature. The DPG during 1-8 h in the usage of silk, down and polyester quilts were from -1.8 to -0.8 ℃, -1.2 to -0.4 ℃ and -0.9 to -0.1 ℃ respectively for the lower comfortable temperature, and were from -0.8 to -0.2 ℃, -0.4 to 0.3 ℃ and -0.2 to -0.3 ℃ for the upper comfortable temperature. The subjective evaluation results demonstrated high agreement with physiological responses (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8). At the lower comfortable temperatures, most participants felt uncomfortably cool when using the silk quilts but generally comfortable when using down and polyester quilts. While at the upper comfortable temperatures, it was most thermally comfortable when using the silk quilts but uncomfortably warm when using down and polyester quilts. At the lower comfortable temperatures, the proportion of "no change" was the highest (>90%) for polyester quilts followed by down quilts (>50%), as shown in Tab. 3, but most participants preferred "warmer" when using silk quilts. At the upper comfortable temperatures, using silk quilts had the highest thermal satisfaction ("no change" >80%) but over 60% of participants preferred cooler when using polyester and down quilts. The differences in physiological and subjective responses in the usage of different quilts could be attributed to the variation in their water vapor permeability. Compared to the polyester and down quilts, the silk quilts have the highest water vapor transmitting rate, and thus require higher air temperature to maintain thermal comfort.
Conclusion The quilt comfortable temperatures calculated based on the sleeping bag temperature rating model had different applicability for quilts with different fillers. The lower comfortable temperatures were reasonable for down and polyester quilts while they were underestimated for silk quilts. The upper comfortable temperatures were suitable for silk quilts but were overestimated for down and polyester quilts. Thus, it is concluded that the water vapor transmitting index in the sleeping bag temperature rating model should be modified according to the moisture permeability of quilts. Moreover, considering the thermal comfort of different body parts, multi-node human sleeping models would improve the accuracy of determining the quilt comfortable temperatures.

Key words: temperature rating model of sleeping bag, quilt, quilt comfortable temperature, sleeping thermal comfort, thermal physiology, bedding system

CLC Number: 

  • TS941.75

Tab.1

Parameters selection in heat transfer model"

指标 产热量
M/(W·m-2)		 平均皮肤温度
Tsk/℃		 被服系统热阻
Rct/(m2·℃·W-1)		 透湿指数
im
舒适低温 43.5 34.4 R c t ( 1 ) 0.52
舒适高温 43.5 35.1 R c t ( 2 ) 0.30

Fig.1

Relationship between quilt comfortable temperatures and bedding system thermal insulation by model calculated"

Tab.2

Parameters of experimental quilts"

被子
编号		 填充物 被服系统热阻/
(m2·℃·W-1)		 舒适温度计算值/℃
种类 填充量/g Rct(1) Rct(2) 舒适低温 舒适高温
S1 蚕丝 230 0.44 0.29 18 24
S2 蚕丝 700 0.55 0.34 14 22
S3 蚕丝 1 400 0.63 0.37 11 21
S4 蚕丝 2 000 0.69 0.40 9 20
D1 鹅绒 150 0.49 0.29 16 24
D2 鹅绒 350 0.60 0.34 12 22
D3 鹅绒 750 0.69 0.37 9 21
D4 鹅绒 1 000 0.71 0.40 8 20
P1 化纤 200 0.33 0.23 22 26
P2 化纤 550 0.44 0.26 18 25
P3 化纤 1 400 0.57 0.32 13 23
P4 化纤 2 300 0.63 0.34 11 22

Fig.2

Experimental procedure"

Fig.3

Subjective thermal evaluation questionnaire"

Fig.4

Comfortable temperatures of quilts with different fillers and filing weights"

Fig.5

Mean skin temperatures. (a) Lower comfortable temperatures; (b) Upper comfortable temperatures"

Fig.6

Distal-proximal skin temperature gradients. (a) Lower comfortable temperatures; (b) Upper comfortable temperatures"

Fig.7

Thermal sensations subjective evaluation result. (a) Lower comfortable temperatures;(b) Upper comfortable temperatures"

Fig.8

Thermal comfort subjective evaluation result. (a) Lower comfortable temperatures;(b) Upper comfortable temperatures"

Tab.3

Percentage of thermal preference when using different quilts in lower and upper comfortable temperatures%"

被子
编号		 舒适低温下 舒适高温下
更凉 不变 更暖 更凉 不变 更暖
S1 0 20 80 10 90 0
S2 0 0 100 20 80 0
S3 0 10 90 10 90 0
S4 0 10 90 10 90 0
D1 0 60 40 60 40 0
D2 0 50 50 60 40 0
D3 0 70 30 60 40 0
D4 0 60 40 70 30 0
P1 0 100 0 80 20 0
P2 0 90 10 80 20 0
P3 0 100 0 100 0 0
P4 0 100 0 90 10 0
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