Journal of Textile Research ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (02): 101-111.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20231005101

• Textile Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Digitized restoration of textile pattern through edge-guided image inpainting method

ZHANG Jing, XIN Binjie(), YUAN Zhijie, XU Yingqi   

  1. School of Textiles and Fashion, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Received:2023-10-15 Revised:2023-11-24 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-03-29

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Abstract:

Objective This study aims to further improve the Criminisi algorithm to effectively restore traditional Chinese textile patterns in the presence of damage. Given the complex nature of these patterns, structural restoration is essential to ensure their accurate recovery. Efforts will be directed towards improving the inpainting algorithm's performance and expanding its applicability in practical textile restoration work, with the aim of achieving faster and more accurate repair results. Our research aims to provide more feasible solutions for the preservation of cultural heritage and textile restoration, ensuring the enduring legacy of traditional Chinese textile patterns.

Method Firstly, it uses linear or second-order BÉzier curves to fit the missing edges and restore the structure. Then, it calculates more effective priority using structural information from a multi-resolution image to determine the current patch to be repaired. Next, it computes multiple candidates matching patches in the multi-resolution image based on color, gradient, and boundary features, selecting the best-matched patch to reduce randomness in the selection process. Finally, the replicated best-matched patch is segmented before being used for filling the damaged area, reducing the overlap with known information regions and achieving iterative completion of the restoration for all damaged areas.

Results Real traditional textile images were collected, and artificial damage was introduced by adding masks to simulate challenges encountered when dealing with damaged textiles. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was evaluated using a variety of objective metrics, including the peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity feature similarity index measure, feature similarity index measure, and edge preservation rate. These metrics provided a comprehensive and quantifiable assessment of the restoration results. Apart from the quantitative assessments, a subjective evaluation of the inpainting results was also carried out. This qualitative assessment revealed that the proposed algorithm excelled in fitting the main structures in the damaged areas, ultimately resulting in a more visually pleasing restoration effect. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves higher objective evaluation scores and natural restoration effects for real textile color images with significant structural damages. It is worth noting that, despite the superior inpainting quality achieved by the proposed algorithm, there was a trade-off in terms of the time required for restoration. Nevertheless, this minor sacrifice in time was considered acceptable, given the significant enhancement in inpainting quality.

Conclusion Digital restoration of textile artifacts is crucial for preserving our cultural heritage. It protects these artifacts from decay and loss, allowing researchers and educators to explore their historical and artistic value. Digital restoration enables easy sharing and accessibility of artifacts, both online and physically, reaching a broader audience. Its speed compared to manual restoration expedites the process, swiftly presenting artifacts in their original aesthetic state for appreciation and study. Moreover, it helps preserve historical information within artifacts, contributing to the revitalization of their aesthetic value and fostering a deeper recognition of their artistic significance.

Key words: textile, cultural relics restoration, image inpainting, multi-resolution image, structural information

CLC Number: 

  • TS941.26

Fig. 1

Data acquisition environment"

Fig. 2

Image preprocessing. (a) Original image; (b) Edge detection of Fig.(a); (c) Apply RTV model to filter texture of Fig.(a); (d) Edge detection of Fig.(c)"

Fig. 3

Inpainting flowchart"

Fig. 4

Criminisi algorithm. (a) Patch ψp to be repaired and corresponding most similar patch ψq; (b) Fill patch ψp with most similar patch ψq for repair"

Fig. 5

Second-order Bézier curve fitting for missing edge"

Fig. 6

Reconstruction effect of missing edges. (a) Damaged image; (b) Breakpoint recognition; (c) Draw missing edge with Bezier curve"

Fig. 7

Comparison of edge extraction from images of different resolutions. (a) High resolution fabric image; (b) Low resolution image of Fig.(a); (c) Edges extracted according to Fig.(a); (d) Edges extracted according to Fig.(b)"

Fig. 8

Boundary term calculation. (a) Patch ψp to be repaired, centered on pixel point p inside edge δΩ of damaged area Ω, and similar patch ψq in complete area Φ, centered on point q; (b) Complete area ψ ? p ? and damaged area ψ p ? in ψp correspond to areas ψ ? q ? and ψ q ? with the same shape in ψq; (c) Pixel Boutp on outside of δΩ in ψp and pixel Binq on inside of corresponding position of δΩ in ψq"

Fig. 9

Segmentation of best-matched patch"

Fig. 10

Repair results of man-made damaged textile patterns I by different algorithms. (a) Original textile image; (b) Mask image; (c) Criminisi algorithm; (d) Algorithm of Ref.[12]; (e) Algorithm of Ref.[23]; (f) Algorithm of Ref.[22]; (g) Image reconstruction with missing edges; (h) Method of this paper"

Fig. 11

Repair results of man-made damaged textile patterns II by different algorithms. (a) Original textile image; (b) Mask image; (c) Criminisi algorithm; (d) Algorithm of Ref.[12]; (e) Algorithm of Ref.[23]; (f) Algorithm of Ref.[22]; (g) Image reconstruction with missing edges; (h) Method of this paper"

Tab. 1

Objective evaluation scores of different algorithms"

样本
编号		 方法 PSNR SSIM FSIM EPRa 样本
编号		 方法 PSNR SSIM FSIM EPRa
1 文献[7] 30.672 3 0.981 9 0.978 7 0.966 0 6 文献[7] 29.805 3 0.968 0 0.971 9 0.970 3
文献[12] 27.318 2 0.976 7 0.969 7 0.959 9 文献[12] 29.149 5 0.966 2 0.963 3 0.954 6
文献[23] 31.609 3 0.983 2 0.980 4 0.964 7 文献[23] 29.325 7 0.967 7 0.970 4 0.970 5
文献[22] 31.881 0 0.985 0 0.980 0 0.963 4 文献[22] 31.329 5 0.971 8 0.975 7 0.964 1
文献[15] 29.319 5 0.975 3 0.967 6 0.939 5 文献[15] 27.814 1 0.943 3 0.951 8 0.949 9
本文算法 34.072 6 0.988 5 0.985 3 0.969 2 本文算法 31.730 7 0.973 5 0.977 9 0.973 1
2 文献[7] 30.327 4 0.983 7 0.980 4 0.979 1 7 文献[7] 27.174 6 0.981 8 0.960 1 0.949 5
文献[12] 29.379 2 0.981 3 0.975 4 0.976 9 文献[12] 28.561 0 0.984 3 0.967 5 0.975 8
文献[23] 30.076 9 0.983 2 0.980 6 0.979 4 文献[23] 29.534 3 0.983 7 0.971 0 0.977 3
文献[22] 31.435 0 0.984 9 0.983 7 0.980 0 文献[22] 26.500 0 0.976 8 0.956 1 0.977 2
文献[15] 28.279 5 0.972 9 0.965 4 0.964 5 文献[15] 28.893 8 0.984 1 0.968 9 0.968 9
本文算法 32.673 5 0.986 7 0.984 8 0.979 6 本文算法 29.621 8 0.984 1 0.973 3 0.982 7
3 文献[7] 24.351 2 0.936 7 0.938 4 0.891 8 8 文献[7] 28.142 3 0.984 2 0.981 0 0.980 1
文献[12] 20.045 5 0.914 6 0.917 5 0.457 1 文献[12] 28.008 9 0.982 6 0.981 1 0.980 2
文献[23] 23.969 2 0.936 6 0.936 8 0.828 3 文献[23] 28.245 0 0.984 5 0.982 1 0.979 8
文献[22] 23.712 3 0.932 4 0.933 2 0.804 2 文献[22] 28.678 0 0.985 7 0.981 8 0.980 1
文献[15] 25.127 5 0.956 3 0.939 1 0.881 7 文献[15] 27.148 0 0.978 0 0.974 8 0.973 3
本文算法 26.037 2 0.953 5 0.947 4 0.900 2 本文算法 30.716 0 0.989 6 0.985 2 0.982 0
4 文献[7] 24.233 3 0.956 4 0.937 3 0.873 2 9 文献[7] 30.993 0 0.985 3 0.983 2 0.976 6
文献[12] 24.070 1 0.955 0 0.937 5 0.952 9 文献[12] 30.856 5 0.984 0 0.983 7 0.975 8
文献[23] 26.222 9 0.959 0 0.952 2 0.956 8 文献[23] 31.213 1 0.985 1 0.984 2 0.976 8
文献[22] 26.333 5 0.958 3 0.954 7 0.955 9 文献[22] 32.377 2 0.986 8 0.985 2 0.977 0
文献[15] 25.167 3 0.941 4 0.941 6 0.939 9 文献[15] 29.551 4 0.972 1 0.975 6 0.952 9
本文算法 27.816 4 0.964 0 0.964 7 0.959 1 本文算法 33.375 9 0.987 5 0.988 8 0.979 0
5 文献[7] 31.037 5 0.981 8 0.986 5 0.980 6 10 文献[7] 30.170 8 0.988 3 0.983 6 0.984 5
文献[12] 28.979 7 0.977 0 0.977 1 0.976 7 文献[12] 28.643 4 0.986 3 0.982 4 0.981 3
文献[23] 30.505 7 0.979 4 0.985 5 0.978 5 文献[23] 32.161 0 0.989 9 0.987 3 0.981 5
文献[22] 30.849 5 0.980 7 0.985 2 0.980 2 文献[22] 32.957 3 0.990 8 0.991 1 0.984 7
文献[15] 29.146 6 0.966 7 0.978 4 0.960 8 文献[15] 33.299 3 0.984 0 0.991 2 0.886 4
本文算法 31.294 9 0.983 1 0.986 8 0.981 6 本文算法 37.783 9 0.993 1 0.997 0 0.985 6

Fig. 12

Comparison of repair details of man-made damaged textile patterns 1 of this paper. (a) Original textile image; (b) Mask image; (c) LaMa model; (d) Method of this paper"

Fig. 13

Comparison of repair details of man-made damaged textile patterns 2. (a) Original textile image; (b) Mask image; (c) LaMa model; (d) Method of this paper"

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