Journal of Textile Research ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (09): 106-112.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20231105101

• Dyeing and Finishing Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Degumming process and properties of spinnable natural bamboo fibers

YIN Xiang1, ZHU Enqing1,2, YANG Jing2, YANG Haiyan2, WANG Dawei2, SHI Chun2, SHI Zhengjun1,2()   

  1. 1. Sympodial Bamboos Technological and Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
    2. Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
  • Received:2023-11-22 Revised:2024-03-20 Online:2024-09-15 Published:2024-09-15
  • Contact: SHI Zhengjun E-mail:shizhengjun1979@swfu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Objective Bamboo is a promising alternative source of textile fibers by virtue of its rapid growth, ease of cultivation, wide availability and renewable nature. The preparation of traditional natural bamboo fibers has drawbacks such as high energy consumption, environmental pollution and long processing time, resulting in rough fibers with low length. Hence, it is of great practical value to explore for a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and efficient method for preparing natural bamboo fibers.

Method Three green degumming methods were developed to address these issues, which are choline chloride-lactic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES) degumming, peracetic acid (PAA) degumming, and DES synergistic PAA degumming. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were adopted to test and characterize the physicochemical properties of fibers obtained using conventional methods and the three different green degumming methods.

Results FT-IR results show that the lignin benzene ring characteristic absorption peaks were near 1 610 cm-1and 1 500 cm-1. The lignin benzene ring characteristic peaks were weakened by PAA and DES synergistic PAA treatment, indicating that PAA has good delignification effect. Besides, all four methods of preparing natural bamboo fibers can remove the gum part. DES consisting of choline chloride-lactic acid could effectively remove the hemicellulose of the bamboo chips, reducing from 12.85% to 8.67%. However, the residual lignin content remained high at 27.10%, close to 28.77% of bamboo chips. PAA had the highest efficiency in removing lignin, with only 2.05% remaining. The highest cellulose content was obtained by DES synergistic PAA degumming, at 86.72%. The surface of fibers prepared by DES synergistic PAA degumming was significantly less rough, its fibers surface was smoother. Furthermore, with the removal of the amorphous area of the glue part of natural bamboo fibers, it was shown that none of the four degumming methods changed the crystal structure of the fibers and all four deacetylation methods can increase the relative crystallinity of the fibers, among them, DES synergistic PAA degumming obtained the largest crystallinity of 69.22%. But the crystallinity of fibers prepared by conventional degumming changes the least, at 62.42%. Fibers prepared by DES, DES synergistic PAA degumming and conventional degumming all had high lengths of 6.97 cm, 6.19 cm and 6.72 cm, respectively, with DES having the highest line density of 123.98 tex and DES synergistic PAA degumming having the lowest line density of 50.07 tex. Fibers prepared by conventional degumming had the highest moisture regain of 9.39% and DES had the lowest moisture regain of 6.55%. Fibers prepared by DES synergistic PAA degumming had the highest stress, strain and breaking strengths of 236.35 MPa, 1.8% and 2.98 cN/dtex, respectively.

Conclusion DES synergistic PAA degumming can more effectively extract natural bamboo fibers. Compared to conventional delignification processes, this method has advantages of lower chemical usage, reduced pollution and shorter processing time. It provides positive guidance for the preparation and development of spinnable natural bamboo fibers.

Key words: natural bamboo fiber, degumming, pretreatment, deep eutectic solvent, peroxyacetic acid

CLC Number: 

  • TS102

Fig.1

Preparation flow chart of natural bamboo fibers"

Fig.2

Physical pictures of natural bamboo fibers"

Fig.3

FT-IR spectra of bamboo chips and different natural bamboo fibers"

Fig.4

Chemical composition of bamboo chips and different natural bamboo fibers"

Fig.5

Surface SEM images of different natural bamboo fibers"

Fig.6

X-ray diffraction patterns of bamboo chips and different natural bamboo fibers"

Tab.1

Crystallinities of bamboo chips and different natural bamboo fibers"

样品编号 结晶度/%
0# 60.59
1# 67.94
2# 67.94
3# 69.22
4# 62.42

Tab.2

Length, linear density and moisture regain of different natural bamboo fibers"

样品编号 长度/cm 线密度/tex 回潮率/%
1# 6.97±0.47 123.98±24.23 6.55±0.30
2# 4.15±0.79 58.82±6.85 8.20±0.66
3# 6.19±0.65 50.07±7.06 7.52±0.34
4# 6.72±0.37 68.76±3.56 9.39±0.49

Tab.3

Maximum stress, strain and breaking tenacity of different natural bamboo fibers"

样品
编号		 断裂应力/
MPa		 断裂
伸长率/%		 断裂强度/
(cN·dtex-1)
1# 172.24±23.90 0.81±0.05 1.74±0.18
2# 88.98±24.52 1.41±0.18 1.20±0.37
3# 236.35±50.77 1.80±0.36 2.98±0.35
4# 150.44±20.90 1.03±0.09 2.42±0.38
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