Journal of Textile Research ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (04): 15-23.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20231200101

• Academic Salon Column for New Insight of Textile Science and Technology: Green Functional and Smart Textiles • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Preparation and performance of ion sensors based on composite nanofiber membranes

LIANG Wenjing1,2, WU Junxian1,2, HE Yin1,2(), LIU Hao1,2   

  1. 1. School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    2. Institute of Smart Wearable Electronic Textiles, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
  • Received:2023-12-04 Revised:2024-01-23 Online:2024-04-15 Published:2024-05-13

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Abstract:

Objective In order to develop a flexible ion sensor with high stability and sensitivity, polyvinylidene fluoride ionic liquid ((PVDF)/IL) composite nanofibrous membranes were prepared by electrostatic spinning, and assembled with electrode materials to form an ion sensor with a sandwich structure.

Method The effects of spinning liquid mass fraction and IL content on the spinning process and fibrous membrane morphology were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, and the elemental distribution and chemical structure of the composite nanofibrous membranes were characterized using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of nanofibrous membranes with different IL contents and thicknesses on the sensor performance were investigated using the flexible sensor test system (FSTS), and the ion sensors were attached to human skin and clothes for body signals and motion monitoring, and the real-time output electrical signals were recorded using the FSTS.

Results When the mass ratio of PVDF was 18%-19% and the dosage ratio of ionic liquid was 2∶1 and 3∶1, the composite nanofibrous membranes had a regular surface, fewer beads, and a uniform distribution of fibre diameters. The addition of ionic liquid increased the number of charged ions in the PVDF nanofibre membranes and made them uniformly distributed. The pressure sensing sensitivity of the ion sensor in the detection range of 0-40 kPa was 32.471 pF/kPa at a PVDF mass fraction of 18% and an ionic liquid dosage ratio of 2∶1. The increase in ionic liquid content in the composite nanofibrous membrane ion sensor resulted in a significant increase in the sensitivity of the sensor. As the thickness of the nanofibre membrane increases, the detection range of the sensor gradually increases and the sensitivity gradually decreases. The hysteresis of the ion sensor was 6.64% with no significant delay or dependence at different pressure levels, with compression rate of 5 000 loading cycles. Ion sensors attached to the surface of human skin and clothing was able to distinguish the motion of the human body by the output pressure-capacitance curves.

Conclusion The composite nanofibre membrane-based ion sensor exploits the supercapacitive property of the electric double layer (EDL) to accurately detect small-amplitude human motion and large-amplitude joint motion. Meanwhile, the composite nanofibre membrane ion sensor has a pressure sensing with a sensitivity of 32.471 pF/kPa in the detection range of 0-40 kPa, maintains outstanding mechanical stability after 5 000 loading-cycles, has a low hysteresis rate (6.64%) and has no significant delay and dependence. The membrane can be applied in the future to communication with deaf people, human-computer interaction, intelligent control and other fields.

Key words: polyvinylidene fluoride, ionic liquid, electrostatic spinning, nanofiber membrane, flexible ion sensor

CLC Number: 

  • TS179

Fig.1

Nanofiber membrane ion sensor. (a) Preparation flowchart; (b) Structural schematic; (c) Physical diagram"

Fig.2

SEM images (×8 500) and fiber diameter distribution of PVDF nanofiber membrane with different mass fraction"

Fig.3

SEM images (×8 500) and fiber diameter distribution of composite nanofiber membrane with different PVDF and IL dosage ratio"

Fig.4

Element distribution map of nanofiber membranes.(a)PVDF nanofiber membrane;(b)PVDF/IL nanofiber membrane"

Fig.5

Fourier infrared spectra of nanofibre membranes with different PVDF and IL dosage ratios"

Fig.6

Equivalent circuit diagram (a) and sensing schematic (b)of composite nanofibre membrane ion sensor"

Fig.7

Pressure-capacitance variation of ion sensors with different PVDF and IL dosage ratios"

Tab.1

Sensitivity of ion sensors with different IL contents at different pressures"

PVDF与IL量比 不同压力下的灵敏度/(pF·kPa-1)
0~5 kPa 5~25 kPa 25~40 kPa
2∶1 32.471 26.655 1.397
3∶1 21.499 11.085 2.667
4∶1 6.211 1.649 0.544
1∶0 0.356 0.176 0.016

Fig.8

Pressure-capacitance variation of composite nanofiber membrane ion sensors with different thickness"

Fig.9

Hysteresis curves of composite nanofiber membrane ion sensors"

Fig.10

Capacitance variation of composite nanofiber membrane ion sensor at different pressure(a) and compression rate (b)"

Fig.11

Capacitance variation of composite nanofiber membrane ion sensor"

Fig.12

Capacitance variation of composite nanofibre membrane ion sensors tested for different applications. (a)Finger press;(b)Finger flexion;(c)Wrist flexion;(d)Elbow flexion;(e)Knee flexion"

Fig.13

Capacitance variation of composite nanofiber membrane ion sensor under multiple bending cycles"

Fig.14

Capacitance variation of composite nanofiber membrane ion sensor at different temperatures and humidity"

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