Journal of Textile Research ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (08): 10-17.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240403501

• Academic Salon Column for New Insight of Textile Science and Technology: Advanced Nonwovens and Technology • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Preparation of composite fiber membranes with asymmetric wettability and oil-water separation performance

YANG Shuo1,2,3, ZHAO Pengju1,2,3, CHENG Chunzu1,2,4, LI Chenyang1,2,3, CHENG Bowen1,2,3,4()   

  1. 1. School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
    3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
    4. State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile Academy, Beijing 100025, China
  • Received:2024-04-15 Revised:2024-05-12 Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-08-21
  • Contact: CHENG Bowen E-mail:bowenc17@tust.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Objective Emulsified oil is known to be difficult to separate due to the close combination of water and oil, and Janus composite membrane with multiple wettability is studied aiming to effectively separate the emulsified oil. In this study, the Janus structure is constructed by two layers of fiber membranes with different wettability, and the difference of micro-nanometer size is used to solve the problem of high separation efficiency and low flux of composite membranes, so as to prepare composite membranes with both high separation efficiency and high flux.

Method Janus composite membranes with micro- and nano-structures were prepared from cellulose nanofiber membranes as hydrophilic layer and polypropylene meltblown nonwovens as hydrophobic layer by hot pressing method. The prepared cellulose-polypropylene composite nanofiber membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscope, capillary flow pore size analyzer and contact angle tester. The composite membranes were also tested for pore size, Laplace force, separation performance, repeatability and generalizability.

Results The cellulose nanofiber membrane prepared by electrostatic spinning technology using cellulose as raw material. The results showed that when the spinning voltage was 25 kV, the spinning rate was 5 mL/h and the spinning time was 16 h, the cellulose nanofiber membranes showed the best performance, with an average pore size of 5.029 μm and a thickness of 0.281 mm. The cellulose nanofiber membrane showed amphiphilicity in air, oleophobicity under water, and hydrophilicity under oil, which can be used as a hydrophilic material for Janus structure. Polypropylene meltblown nonwovens exhibits hydrophobicity and lipophilicity in air, hydrophobicity under oil, and lipophilicity under water, and can be used as a hydrophobic material for Janus structure. The Janus membrane was then prepared by laminating cellulose nanofiber membrane and polypropylene meltblown nonwovens in combination with hot pressing process. The areal density of polypropylene meltblown nonwovens, hot pressing temperature and hot pressing pressure were found to affect the performance of the composite membrane. According to the experiments, when the grammage of polypropylene meltblown nonwovens was 30 g/m2, the hot pressing temperature was 130 ℃, and the hot pressing pressure was 30 N, the separation efficiency and flux of the composite membrane are the most balanced, with 98.8% and 9 789.9 L/(m2·h), respectively. The composite membrane demonstrated excellent reuse performance, and after 10 cyclic use, its separation efficiency still maintained at 98%, and the flux 9 444.5 L/(m2·h). The composite membrane showed significant separation effect on these oils to be mentioned, for which the separation efficiency was more than 98%, and the flux was more than 9 000 L/(m2·h).

Conclusion In this study, Janus composite membranes with cellulose nanofiber membrane as hydrophilic layer and polypropylene meltblown nonwovens as hydrophobic layer were prepared. The composite membranes prepared under optimum process conditions achieved the best separation efficiency and flux of 98.8% and 9 798.8 L/(m2·h), respectively. The composite membranes had excellent reusability, and the separation efficiency could still maintain 98% and the flux reached 9 444.5 L/(m2·h) after 10 cyclic use. The composite membranes had significant separation effects on all five common emulsified oils. This idea achieves a balance between separation efficiency and flux, and has theoretical value and practical significance for the development of emulsified oil separation membranes.

Key words: cellulose, electrostatic spinning, nanofiber, polypropylene meltblown nonwoven, oil-water separation, Janus

CLC Number: 

  • TS174.8

Fig.1

Preparation process diagram of cellulose nanofiber membrane (a) and composite membrane (b)"

Fig.2

SEM images of cellulose nanofiber membranes under different parameters. (a) Spinning rate 4 mL/h; (b) Spinning rate 5 mL/h; (c) Spinning rate 6 mL/h; (d) Spinning voltage 24 kV; (e) Spinning voltage 26 kV"

Tab.1

Pore size and thickness of cellulose nanofiber membranes under different parameters"

纺丝参数 纤维素纳米纤维膜特性
纺丝时
间/h		 纺丝电
压/kV		 纺丝速率/
(mL·h-1)		 孔径/
μm		 厚度/
mm
8 25 5 7.212 0.145
16 25 5 5.029 0.281
24 25 5 4.494 0.425
8 24 5 6.694 0.166
8 26 5 4.520 0.135
8 25 4 4.099 0.126
8 25 6 6.799 0.164

Fig.3

Wettability of cellulose nanofiber membranes. (a) Water contact angle in air; (b) Oil contact angle in air; (c) Oil contact angle in water; (d) Water contact angle in oil"

Fig.4

Wettability of polypropylene meltblown nonwovens. (a) Water contact angle in air; (b) Oil contact angle in air; (c) Oil contact angle in water; (d) Water contact angle in oil"

Tab.2

Pore size of composite membranes under different parameters"

工艺参数 复合膜的
孔径/μm
熔喷布面密度/
(g·m-2)		 热压温
度/℃		 热压压
力/N
20 130 30 1.178
30 130 30 0.826
40 130 30 0.513
30 110 30 1.360
30 120 30 1.165
30 140 30 0.614
30 150 30 0.394
30 120 10 1.330
30 120 20 0.983
30 120 40 0.709
30 120 50 0.573

Fig.5

Laplace force of composite membranes under different parameters. (a) Contact angle and Laplace force of composite membranes with different meltblown fabric density; (b) Relationship between pore size and Laplace force"

Fig.6

Separation mechanism of composite membranes"

Tab.3

Separation efficiency and flux of composite membranes under different parameters"

工艺参数 复合膜性能
熔喷布面密
度/(g·m-2)		 热压温
度/℃		 热压压
力/N		 分离效
率/%		 通量/
(L·(m2·h)-1)
20 130 30 95.8 17 956.5
30 130 30 98.8 9 798.8
40 130 30 98.9 8 726.1
30 110 30 98.0 15 788.1
30 120 30 98.4 12 615.1
30 140 30 99.1 5 183.1
30 150 30 99.3 2 105.1
30 120 10 96.8 33 873.7
30 120 20 97.9 22 962.5
30 120 40 98.9 7 105.1
30 120 50 99.3 5 183.1

Fig.7

Separation effect of emulsified oil. (a) Optical pictures before and after separation; (b) Particle size distribution before and after separation"

Fig.8

Separation efficiency and flux of composite membranes at different number of repetitions"

Fig.9

Separation efficiency and flux of different emulsified oils separated by composite membranes"

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