Abstract: Studied the polymeric structure of the soybean\|protein fiber (PVA-SPF), the po ly ethylene macromolecule appeared as plane sawtooth configuration,however the soyb ean\|protein macromolecule has been modified from α-helical structure to β-c h ain configuration during spinning preparation;because there are a number of p olar groups on the both the polyethylene and the soybean protein macromolecule.A mong the macromolecules, diversiform bonds can been formed.In addition,the acet alizagio n of the PVA-SPF may form crosslinking between the polyethylene and the soybean protein,so the polymeric structure of the PVA-SPF is a kind of chain reticular structure.And the X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the crystallizing powe r of the PVA-SPF macromolecular is weak,while the ability forming the nematic s tructure is powerful.