Abstract: An evaluation has been done firstly to the structure of the soybean protein fiber (PVA-SPF).The chain reticular polymeric structure had not seen yet in all the textile fibers. For the PVA-SPF,this kind of structure is hard to be controlled. The relationship between the structure and performance of the PVA-SPF was discussed,and it was believed that some fine natural character is added to the PVA-SPF on the basic of synthetic fiber,for example the luster,hygroscopictiy and dyeability.And there were also the remarkable drawback such as flexibility and thermal stability and so on,results show something should be done to the process of PVA-SPF.