Abstract: In order to improve its poor dyeing properties,hemp fabric is treated by sodium hydroxide with different concentrations,and the moisture regain,water absorption,dyeing and mechanical properties of treated hemp fabrics were examined.The results indicate that the moisture regain,water absorption,dye-uptake rate of treated hemp fabrics are improved,and fixation yield andK/Svalue of hemp fabrics are enhanced when dyed with reactive dyes.Caustic mercerization is good for improving the dyeing properties of hemp fabric.However,caustics mercerization ccan also result in bending rigidity increased.It leads to worse handle of hemp fabric,so it is necessary to choose an appropriate process for its sodium hydroxide treatment.