基于压力测评的帽子工效性能研究进展

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Research progress in ergonomic performance of caps based on pressure measurement

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doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20220808502

Abstract:

Significance Caps are common head accessories in people's daily life. In practical use, ergonomic function of caps relies on its stable attachment to the head causing the pressure from the cap to the head. The pressure at 'head-cap' interface are the key factors affecting the comfort of caps while wearing. Through analysis of 'head-cap' interface pressure mechanism, this article reviews the current research of cap pressure measurement methods and characterization indicators, as well as the research progress based on these evaluation technologies. In order to summarize characteristics and applicability of different measurement methods and provide effective suggestions for 'head-cap' interface pressure study, this paper offers a theoretical basis for the optimization design of cap products aiming at improving fit, pressure comfort, wearing stability as well as thermal and moisture comfort.
Progress In current studies, pressure measurement of specific test points on the head is the most commonly used method, performing by human subjects or head mannequins, with different data collection methods. Head pressure distribution under caps could also be measured by subjects' trial experiments and head mannequins, characterized by pressure maps, and researchers have developed corresponding testing devices, such as pressure sensing pads, silicone pressure sensing caps and pressure testing head manikins. The gap between the ″head-cap″ interface could provide the morphology relationship between them, indirectly evaluating the cap pressure by measuring the difference of size or spatial morphology of the interface. Researchers also monitored physiological signals' change under the degree of compression, however, the skin blood flow, surface electromyogram, electroencephalogram signals tend to be interfered the hair or electrode, meanwhile, whether characterizing ″head-cap″ pressure by infrared camera is feasible remains to be verified. In the study of pressure related ergonomic performance of caps, pressure and comfort sensations were frequently used as characterization indexes in the study of pressure comfort, with perceptions of pressure varying among people and head regions. The wearing stability of caps was often evaluated by holding power, as researchers used critical load and critical wind speed to characterize the holding power of the caps under external forces. The fitness of caps directly affects the pressure on the ″head-cap″ interface, which is based on morphology of human head. At present, normalized head and face sizes have been specified in certain standards, and head statistical databases and interaction design platforms were set up for product development for the head.
Conclusion and Prospect Based on existing research, it is pointed out that the research on ergonomics of caps has not yet been systematically established. In order to improve the ergonomics and wearing experience of caps, further research orientations are put forward. Firstly, head mannequins with hard material and statistical middle sizes are used in pressure measurement, and the evaluation indexes are single and unrepresentativeness. Following research could focus on developing a series of biomimetic head manikins while considering the influence of hair. The evaluation index should be built characteristic of interface pressure, from the perspective of multi-index comprehensive evaluation. Secondly, for dynamic situations, the accuracy and repeatability of the existing measurement devices and indicators need to be improved. In the future, dynamic pressure measurement methods should be expanded, so as to explore the influence law of the objective pressure distribution on the dynamic stability. Thirdly, formation mechanism of cap pressure and its influence on head perception has yet to be systematically studied, which remains necessary to be further investigated combined with anatomy and physiological knowledge, with the relationship between pressure distribution and subjective comfort be explored, and the potential correlation between subjective evaluation indicators deeply analyzed. Furthermore, as fitness is the key to the study of the caps' ergonomic properties, it is not enough to characterize only through the ″head-cap″ interface. Further research could adapt virtual technologies and numerical simulation to study the interaction impact of caps' structure and materials based on parametric structure design and mechanical properties of materials. Last, the ″head-cap″ interface pressure may affect the head thermal and moisture comfort, but the exploration of mechanism research is still in its infancy. The relationship between head pressure and thermal comfort will be a complex but worthy topic.

Key words: cap, interface pressure, pressure on head, wearing comfort, ergonomic performance

CLC Number:

TS941.16

WANG Zhongyu, WANG Yunyi, WANG Shitan. Research progress in ergonomic performance of caps based on pressure measurement[J].Journal of Textile Research, 2023, 44(12): 242-250.

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名称	测试仪器	表征指标	优势	局限性
压力值测量	水银压强计,电阻式、电容式、气囊式、压力传感器,织物基传感器	压力值、压力平均值、压力峰值	直观地获取关键部位的压力值	测试点较为分散、独立,所得结果不利于开展机制研究,头部毛发不利于传感器的固定
压力分布测量	压力传感器、压力传感垫、压力传感硅胶帽、压力测试头模等	压力平均值与标准差、压力分布图色相	可获取空间各部位的压力变化情况,有利于全面解释头与帽子间界面压力形成机制及其作用规律	测试仪器通常仅适用于一种头型,难以兼顾不同头型的研究需求
头与帽子间间隙测评	软尺、三维扫描仪、逆向建模软件	头帽围差,平均最小距离(SOD)与间隙均匀度(GU)	揭示了头部与产品的形态匹配关系,无需在头部固定传感器	结合材料力学特性间接获得界面压力,仅适用于保形性强或材质较硬的产品
生理指标测评	生理多导仪的电极帽、红外摄像机等	皮肤血流量、表面肌电、脑电信号、表面温度等	直接体现界面压力对人体受压部位的生理反应的影响	仅能从侧面反映头部受压程度,无法直接推断压力大小,可靠性较差

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