Journal of Textile Research ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 152-161.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20190905410

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• Academic Salon Column for New Insight of Textile Science and Technology: Preparation Technology and • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Thoughts on preparation technology of high performance polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers

ZHANG Ze1,2, XU Weijun1, KANG Hongliang2, XU Jian2, LIU Ruigang2,3()   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
    2. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2019-09-23 Revised:2019-10-08 Online:2019-12-15 Published:2019-12-18
  • Contact: LIU Ruigang E-mail:rgliu@iccas.ac.cn

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Abstract:

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers were developed rapidly in the past twenty years in China. Based on the current state of the development of PAN-based carbon fibers, basic problems in the production process of PAN-based carbon fibers were considered and summarized. In the preparation of PAN spinning solution, continuous polymerization of PAN was realized by the cooperation of polymerization process and equipment, by which homogeneous PAN spinning solution with stable properties can be prepared. In the preparation of PAN precursor fibers, the phase separation process of PAN spinning solution was controlled by coagulation parameters to reduce the size of micro-pores formed during phase separation. The drying and hot-drawing procedures, the temperature, humidity and tension were carefully controlled to optimize the micro-pores fusion, crystallization and orientation of PAN molecule to prepare high-quality PAN precursor. In the stabilization and carbonization procedures, the skin-core and turbostratic graphite structure were controlled by adjusting temperature and stress fields to control the structure and properties of the resultant PAN-based carbon fibers.

Key words: polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, continuous polymerization, phase separation, structure and property, micro-void

CLC Number: 

  • TQ536.2

Fig.1

Tensile strength and modulus of commercially available pitch and PAN-based carbon fibers"

Fig.2

Production procedures of PAN-based carbon fibers"

Fig.3

DSC curves of PAN homopolymer and copolymer in air atmosphere"

Fig.4

Relationship between melting point and water content of PAN"

Fig.5

Oxidization of PAN"

Fig.6

Dependence of thickness and oxygen content of of sheath on heat treatment time of PAN fibers at 270 ℃"

Tab.1

Gas released during carbonization of PAN"

温度/℃ 现象 原因
220 释放HCN并与O2发生化学反应 梯形聚合物的生成和氧化
260 基本没有变化,纤维模量不变 无链断裂
300 释放大量的CO2和H2O,同时释放CO、HCN和一些腈类化合物;纤维模量不变 CO2来源于氧化聚合物的羰基,无交联反应发生
400 释放CO2、H2O、CO、HCN和NH3,少量C3烃类和腈类化合物释放;纤维模量增大 分子内脱水交联
500 H2释放增加,同时释放少量NH3和HCN;纤维模量增大 脱氢交联
600 H2释放量减少,释放HCN和痕量的N2 脱氢交联
700 释放N2、HCN和H2;纤维模量增大 脱氢和释放N2交联
800 大量N2和H2释放,同时释放HCN;纤维模量增大 释放N2交联
900 N2释放量达到峰值,同时释放一些H2和痕量的HCN;纤维模量增大 脱N2交联
1 000 N2释放量下降到800 ℃时的水平,同时释放痕量H2;纤维模量增大 脱N2交联

Fig.7

Tensile strength (a) and modulus (b) changes with carbonization temperature for PAN-based carbon fibers"

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