Abstract: The laboratory experiment of degumming of hemp fibers with aerobic bacteria which had been bred for 7 days was undertaken.It was found after 4 days′ treatment that the content of the pectin,wax and hemi-cellulose of hemp fibers had a significant reduction except the lignose for which continuous treatment was needed.SEM study showed that the surface of the un-treated hemp fibers was coarse and the cellulose bundle was enveloped by the pectin and hemi-cellulose,but the surface of the treated hemp fibers was smooth and the separation degree of the fibers was good.The peaks of the hemi-cellulose and the lignose at1 736 cm^-1,1 510 cm^-1 respectively before treatment became weak after treatment,as observed by FTIR,it indicated that the hemi-cellulose and the lignose were partly removed.