Abstract: In order to explore the utilization of Polygonum Multiflorum Rattan fiber, the morphological structure and chemical composition of the rattan were analyzed systematically by using Fiber Image Automatically Capture and Identification System and Chemical Composition Quantitative Analysis Techniques. The results show that, Polygonum Multiflorum has a large rattan system, the length and morphology are different between the main and the branch rattan. The cross-section of Polygonum Multiflorum rattan is characterized by the skin-core structure, which is composed of a protective layer﹑phloem﹑cambium﹑wooden layer and the central cavity from outside to inside. The growth situation of each constituent is different in various parts. Although the contents of each chemical components are different in various parts of the phloem and woody part, the cellulose content are all high in both of them, which reaches about 52% and 39% respectively. So it is of high value to develop the rattan in textile field.

Key words: Polygonum multiflorum Rattan, morphological structure, constitution, chemical composition, cellulose