Abstract: Damage analysis of wool fibers from Small River Cemetery, based on morphology observation of wool fibers including cross-sectional and longitudinal appearance using OM and SEM, can provide scientific bases for conservation, including consolidation and cleaning. Morphology observation suggests that most of the textiles from Small River Cemetery are wool fibers, and the damage degree has significant difference, especially between textiles unearthed from the First and the Fifth Layer due to the buried date and environment. The contaminants sampled from polluted textiles were analyzed by SEM-EDS showing that chloride is the major constituent and found widely in the damaged items. So presumably Chloride is the principal contributor to the damage process of wool fiber.