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Fabrication and properties of metallocene polyethylene spunbond filament based on Polyflow simulation LIU Ya, ZHAO Chen, ZHUANG Xupin, ZHAO Yixia, CHENG Bowen Journal of Textile Research    2023, 44 (12): 1-9.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220705301 Abstract （256）   HTML （41）    PDF （6828KB）（213）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Spunbond products are widely used in the fields of sanitary materials, packaging, and agriculture. Currently, spunbond products on the market are mainly made from polypropylene (PP) and polyester (PET). Although these materials have high strength, their softness is not good enough to meet the requirements of high softness applications. The metallocene polyethylene (mPE) is used to form membrane for its excellent softness. Because of its poor spinnability, mPE is rarely used in spunbond technology. As such, it is important to study the spinning properties of mPE to modify the performance of traditional spunbond products. Method The thermal and rheological properties of mPE were analyzed first. According to data available, the flow velocity distribution and extrusion state of mPE melt were simulated by Polyflow numerical simulation method during the preparation of mPE spunbond filament. The velocity distribution and extrusion expansion trend of mPE melt were analyzed under different extrusion temperature. According to the simulation results, the parameters of spinning experiment were guided, and the spunbond filaments of mPE with different mechanical drafting multiples were achieved. In order to characterize the mechanical properties of mPE fiber, numbers of common fibers were used for comparison. Results The thermos-gravimetric analysis result showed that the thermal decomposition temperature of mPE was 405 ℃ (Fig. 1 (a)), and the differential scanning calorimetry result showed the melting range of mPE was 93.9-130.1 ℃ (Fig. 1(b)). According to the thermal properties, the simulation temperature of rheological test was preliminarily set in the range of 220-280 ℃. The melt flow velocity of mPE increased with the increase of melting temperature (Fig. 5) but decreased rapidly after extruding from the spinneret orifice (Fig. 6) in the simulation experiments. The extrusion swell phenomenon of mPE was quite evident after melt extrusion, the lower the extrusion temperature was, the higher the die swell ratio was, and the maximum was 1.52 at the temperature of 230 ℃. The results of Polyflow simulation were used to guide and optimize the parameters of the spunbond process. Finally, the mPE spunbond filaments with different mechanical drafting multiples were successfully prepared at the spinning temperature of 240 ℃. The performance of series mPE filaments were characterized. The results showed that the diameter of mPE filament decreased with the increase of drafting multiple, and the minimum diameter of mPE filament was 64.2 μm with the drafting multiple of 6 times, the variation reached 61.5% compared with the drafting multiple of 1 time (Fig. 8). Because of the rapid cooling of the trickle flow, the amorphous part disentangled and carried out preferred orientation along with mechanical drafting, more molecular chains in the polymer participated in crystallization, the crystallinity of mPE filament increased with the increase of drawing multiple (Fig. 9). The maximum of the crystallinity was 50.1% with the drafting multiple of 6 times. As the trickle flow further oriented and crystallized with the increase of the drafting multiple, the breaking strength of mPE filament increased and the fracture elongation decreased with the increase of the drawing multiple (Fig. 10). Compared with the common fibers appeared on the market, the mPE filament drawn to 6 times exhibited the best mechanical performance, the breaking strength was 3.44 cN/dtex, and the fracture elongation was 85.69%. Conclusion Polyflow simulation is used to simulate the flow velocity distribution and extrusion state of the mPE melt in the spunbond process. It proves that the Polyflow simulation results can be used to guide and optimize the process parameters for mPE spinning experiment. The performance test of mPE spunbond filament proves the reliability of the simulation method and the feasibility of mPE application in spunbond technology. The testing results also reveal that mPE filament has excellent mechanical properties, which can be used to form the bi-component spunbond with PP, PET and other raw materials, so as to modify the performance of traditional mono-component spunbond material with softer feeling, which can meet the requirements of high softness for certain applications. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress in absorbable surgical sutures YANG Zhichao, LIU Shuqiang, WU Gaihong, JIA Lu, ZHANG Man, LI Fu, LI Huimin Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (01): 230-239.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221102502 Abstract （254）   HTML （23）    PDF （3663KB）（181）       Knowledge map    Save Significance Biomedical textiles are one of the most innovative and technologically advanced research fields in the textile industry today. Surgical sutures are one of the most used medical devices in clinical surgery, and research and development of sutures have been active worldwide. As a new generation of surgical sutures, absorbable surgical sutures are the ″darling″ of the medical community, with extremely important applications in obstetrics and gynecology, surgery, otolaryngology, ophthalmology, dentistry, and so on. Absorbable surgical sutures have become the first choice of surgeons in surgical procedures by virtue of their self-degrading, non-removable and less painful properties, and patients using absorbable surgical sutures are benefitted from having minimal visible scarring on the skin after healing, enhancing patient satisfaction. Although the development of absorbable surgical sutures is now at a relatively mature stage, many high value-added absorbable surgical sutures with excellent functionality are still in the laboratory stage and cannot be industrially produced and marketed for clinical applications. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis of various raw materials for preparation of absorbable surgical sutures based on the latest relevant research literature to systematically summarize the current research status of absorbable surgical sutures, promote the innovative development of absorbable surgical sutures and enhance the industrial production of absorbable surgical sutures. Progress The development of absorbable sutures and their performance requirements, the history of the development of absorbable surgical sutures from ancient times to the present day are introduced first. The development of the raw materials for their preparation from single to diversified are elaborated. The specific development history is shown, and the mainstream products on the market today are shown. In addition, the properties of absorbable surgical sutures, such as good biocompatibility and good knot strength, as well as the smoothness of the suture surface, are systematically reviewed. The four natural materials used for natural absorbable suture applications, namely catgut, collagen, chitin and alginate, are scutinised and the latest research in this area is summarized and analyzed. Four types of synthetic polymers, i.e., polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polycaprolactone and polyvinyl alcohol, are reviewed for making absorbable sutures and the latest research is summarized and analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of developing absorbable surgical sutures from various materials are systematically studied and compared, and the analysis focused on three important indicators which are the mechanical properties, degradation properties and additional antibacterial properties of absorbable sutures. The overview of antimicrobial immune novel absorbable surgical sutures is also summarized the relevant mechanisms of action is described. Finally, the article concludes with an analysis and summary of the problems of today's absorbable surgical sutures and the trends of future development. Conclusion and Prospect The paper analyzes the current status of research on surgical sutures in recent years, starting from the materials used for the preparation of absorbable sutures. The technology for the development of absorbable surgical sutures is becoming more mature, but some problems still need research attention. 1) Relatively little research has been conducted on natural type of absorbable surgical sutures, and the initial catgut have disadvantages such as poor mechanical properties and tendency to trigger tissue reactions, which require further modification of the material. Chitin is commonly used as a functional coating finishing material to impart antimicrobial properties in recent years due to its excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, but little research has been conducted on the preparation of sutures using chitin fibers for development. 2) The development of synthetic polymeric materials has provided more possibilities for the preparation of new absorbable surgical sutures. However, the degradation cycles of various materials are different, resulting in a mismatch between wound healing time and suture degradation time, which affects wound healing. Therefore, the controlled degradation of synthetic polymers is particularly important, so the research of absorbable sutures made of synthetic polymers should be enhanced in terms of the regulation of degradation properties. 3) Wound infection is a persistent problem in surgical procedures, and therefore the development of absorbable surgical sutures with excellent antimicrobial properties is the main theme in suture preparation. Tthe selection of suitable antimicrobial agents, the enhancement of antimicrobial agent loading fastness, and the long-lasting and stable action of antimicrobial agents are issues requiring future research attention. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of silks from silkworms reared with artificial diet and mulberry leaves HUANG Qing, SU Zhenyue, ZHOU Yifan, LIU Qingsong, LI Yi, ZHAO Ping, WANG Xin Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (05): 1-9.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221108601 Abstract （249）   HTML （53）    PDF （5430KB）（175）       Knowledge map    Save Objective In order to understand the quality differences between silk fibers produced by artificial diet feeding and mulberry leave feeding, and to investigate the possibility of substituting artificial diet for mulberry leaves in sericulture, this research systematically analyzed the differences in morphology, composition, chemical structure, and mechanical properties between artificial diet-fed silkworm silk and mulberry leaves-fed silkworm silk. Method In this study, two groups of silkworms were fed separately with artificial diet and mulberry leaves.The silk cocoons and fibers were carefully examined for their morphological characteristics using scanning electron microscopy. In order to evaluate the composition of the silk, elemental analysis, amino acid content analysis, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis testing were conducted to compare the two feeding methods.Additionally, infrared absorption spectroscopy, two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray scattering (2D-WAXS), and silk tensile testing were employed to elucidate the differences in chemical structure and mechanical properties between artificial diet-fed and mulberry leaves-fed silkworm silk. Results The silk with artificial diet feeding exhibited no significant differences in fiber appearance compared to the silk with mulberry leave feeding. Protein composition analysis showed that there was no difference in the type and content of silk fibroin heavy chain protein, silk fibroin light chain protein and sericin protein between the two groups of silk samples. However, notable differences were observed in terms of element content, proline content, secondary structure, and crystallinity. The element analysis revealed that, except for Na and Si, the artificial diet silk had significantly lower content of other elements compared to the mulberry leaves silk. Furthermore, artificial diet silk exhibited lower levels of trace elements such as Al, Cr, and B, while higher levels of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu were detected compared to the mulberry leaves silk. Analysis of amino acid content indicated a distinct variation of proline content between the two silk types, with significantly higher proline content in the artificial diet silk. The analysis of secondary structure and crystallinity demonstrated higher β-turn content and lower random coil content in the artificial diet silk compared to the mulberry leaves silk. 2D-WAXS analysis revealed lower crystallinity (60.1%) in the artificial diet silk compared to the mulberry leaves silk (65.2%). Tensile testing showed that the artificial diet silk exhibited a higher average breaking strain (19.8±8.2)%, while the mulberry leaves silk demonstrated higher breaking strength (361.6±97.2)MPa, although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion The study findings indicated that the observed disparities in morphology, composition, chemical structure, and mechanical properties between artificial diet-fed and mulberry leaves-fed silk were not significant, suggesting the potential of artificial diet as a substitute for mulberry leaves feeding to obtain high-quality silk fibers. The two feeding methods have no significant impact on the quality of silk produced. In addition, artificial diet offered advantages such as the potential for adding beneficial substances and avoiding harmful substances, further highlighting its suitability as a replacement for mulberry leaves in silkworm feeding. Future research may focus on incorporating beneficial substances such as metal ions or proline into artificial diets, by optimizing the formula of artificial diets and adding appropriate amounts of beneficial elements for compensation, in order to selectively improve the mechanical properties of silk and enhance the wider value of artificial diet feeding silk in sericulture. Overall, this comprehensive analysis contributes valuable insights and directions for improving artificial diet in sericulture and enhancing the quality of silk and lays a solid foundation for further promoting the strategic goal of industrialized sericulture of whole age feeding in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of virtual influencer entertainment value on fashion brand purchase intention WU Yanfei, ZHANG Ying, XUE Zhebin Journal of Textile Research    2023, 44 (12): 153-161.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221103301 Abstract （233）   HTML （25）    PDF （3429KB）（216）       Knowledge map    Save Objective There has been a surging interest in the realm of virtual influencer marketing in the recent years. The virtual influencer can be defined as a digital character created by using computer graphics software, which is then given a personality defined by a first-person view of the world, and made accessible on various media platforms to exert their influence. AYAYI, for instance, stands as a prominent example in this domain. With over 124 thousand followers on Red, AYAYI has emerged as one of the most influential figures in the fashion industry. Therefore, a lucid theoretical explication of this new phenomenon between virtual influencers and consumers' purchase intention that is based on empirical investigation, from the perspective of consumers, is greatly needed. Method In order to analyze the influence of the entertainment value of virtual influencers on fashion brands' purchase intention, a theoretical model with three variables was established, including entertainment value, flow experience, and purchase intention. Through literature review and theoretical research, this research delved into exploring the mediating role of the flow experience in shaping the path toward purchase intentions. Moreover, the study took into account the moderating effects of two critical factors: the type of digital persona (ultra-realistic virtual avatar versus secondary anime character) and the gender of the consumers (male versus female). This led to the construction of a model that encompasses mediation and moderation effects. A total of 282 questionnaires were collected from the respondents and were usable for further analysis. The statistical software SPSS 24.0 was employed to rigorously test not only the mediating and moderating effects but also the overall influence of these variables on the research framework. Results The results of our quantitative experiments have yielded valuable insights. Firstly, they demonstrate that the entertainment value provided by virtual influencers exerts a significant and positive influence on consumers' purchase intentions. This influence operates along two distinct paths: an indirect route through the mediating factor of the flow experience, and a direct one. Moreover, within the mediation model, it's noteworthy that consumers' gender differences play a significant moderating role. However, it's interesting to observe that the differences between virtual characters do not exert a significant moderating effect on the mediation process. Further analysis through a bootstrap test reveal that the moderating impacts of entertainment value and flow experience were more pronounced when the user identified as male and opted for a secondary anime character. Conversely, these moderating effects were less pronounced when the user identified as female and chose an ultra-realistic virtual avatar. These findings shed light on the intricate interplay of these variables and offer valuable insights into consumer behavior in the context of virtual influencer marketing. Conclusion The study provides several key insights. Firstly, it underscores the importance of tailoring marketing strategies for virtual influencers based on audience gender characteristics and the selection of different character types. By doing so, companies can enhance the entertainment value delivered to consumers, thereby stimulating their purchasing behavior. This highlights that consumers' perception and acceptance of products or services are not solely based on their intrinsic qualities but also on the emotional and experiential values they provide. These values include feelings of enjoyment, emotional comfort, and the excitement generated through interactions with preferred avatar types. The ability of companies to offer these entertainment values during the consumer experience directly influences their purchasing decisions. Secondly, the study reveals that the relationship between the entertainment value of avatars and consumer purchase intentions is partially mediated by the flow experience. In other words, the virtual image crafted by a company can impact a consumer's purchase intention directly. Simultaneously, part of this influence is channeled through the immersive and engaging experience that consumers themselves create while interacting with the avatar. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Laminated design and water quick-drying performance of biomimetic bamboo-tube fibrous humidifying materials ZHAI Qian, ZHANG Heng, ZHAO Ke, ZHU Wenhui, ZHEN Qi, CUI Jingqiang Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (02): 1-10.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230704801 Abstract （195）   HTML （23）    PDF （11254KB）（111）       Knowledge map    Save Objective The dry indoor environment causes non-negligible impact on human health. The permeable evaporative humidifier with humidifying core as liquid guiding tunnel showed some positive effect on the indoor humidity management. This paper reports research on a type of humidifier material made following the bionic bamboo structure, and discusses the influence of the design of this material on the sample water conduction and fast drying performance, aiming for improvement of environmental protection by presenting an efficient humidifier inner core. Method In this study, PLA micro-nano fiber fabric was prepared by hydrophilic modification of PLA with sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate (SAS) as the main raw material. Viscose fiber was prepared into viscose fiber layer (CEL) by carding process, and the hot-rolled PLA/CEL nonwoven composite was wound to obtain the fiber wiener humidification material. The samples were characterized by Fourier infrared spectrometer(FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope. In addition, liquid contact angle measuring instrument, drying rate tester, electronic fabric strength tester and self-built instrument were used to study the water conduction fast drying characteristics and physical and mechanical properties of the samples. Results In terms of micro-morphology, the biomimetic bamboo-tube fibrous humidification material has a continuous or quasi-continuous layered micropore distribution structure parallel to the length direction, providing power for the directional transmission of liquid, wherein the biomimetic bamboo-tube fibrous laminated structure is loose inside and tight outside to provide the basis for the high-speed transmission of liquid. The increase of wind pressure reduced the fiber diameter distribution and pore size distribution in the sample, leading to a high-quality porous structure for efficient liquid transport. FT-IR test showed that the infrared spectra of C—O—C vibration absorption (1 181 cm-1) and C—O tensile (1 081 cm-1) peaks were enhanced after SAS addition, and the liquid contact angle of the sample surface was significantly changed, indicating that SAS successfully improved the hydrophilicity of PLA micro-nano fiber fabric. On the other hand, appropriate changes of melt blowing air pressure and sample density change had a certain optimization effect on the water conduction and quick drying characteristics of the fibrous humidifying materials. The experimental results showed that when the melt-blowing air pressure was 36 kPa and the simple density was 1.1 g/cm3, the liquid absorption rate and drying rate of the sample were the best, which were 112.4 mg/s and 1.03 mL/h, respectively. Compared with the sample density of 1.8 g/cm3, the liquid absorption rate and drying rate are increased by 55.2% and 51.5%. At this time, the tensile breaking strength of the sample reached 255.2 N, and the breaking strength decreased by 10.8% compared with that of the crimp density of 1.8 g/cm3. When the air pressure increased from 24 kPa to 40 kPa, the liquid absorption rate increased from 80.1 mg/s to 108.4 mg/s, representing a 26.1% increases. Drying rate increased by 21.1% from 0.57 mL/h to 0.69 mL/h, and the tensile breaking strength increased by 32.1% from 262.2 N to 346.4 N. The bionic bamboo structure is conductive to the improvement of the water conduction and fast drying performance of the fiber wiener humidification material, which can meet the application requirements of the humidifier. Conclusion The humidifying material with biomimetic bamboo-tube joint structure prepared by lamination design has a wide development prospect in the field of water conduction and rapid drying. Among them, polylactic acid, as a bio-based material, has excellent antibacterial and mildew resistance properties, which is in line with the concept of green environmental protection development. Moreover, by changing the porous structure and lamination process of the fiber humidifier material, the water-conducting and quick-drying ability of the sample is further regulated, which provides references and examples for the structural design and green preparation of the high-performance fiber humidifier core. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation and application properties of dendritic sulfonated polyethersulfone fiber based composite solid electrolyte YANG Qi, DENG Nanping, CHENG Bowen, KANG Weimin Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (03): 1-10.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221106101 Abstract （188）   HTML （47）    PDF （10440KB）（265）       Knowledge map    Save Objective The conventional liquid electrolyte is easy to leak and flammable, which brings potential safety risks to the actual application of lithium metal batteries. Replacing liquid electrolyte with all-solid-state electrolyte has become one of the most feasible methods. However, solid polymer electrolytes are limited by low ionic conductivity and poor mechanical strength. For solving the two problems of solid polymer electrolyte at the same time, nanofiber membranes with high strength are used for modification. Method Dendritic sulfonated polyethersulfone nanofibers (SPES) were prepared by electrospinning technology. They were introduced into polyethylene oxide (PEO) to prepare composite solid electrolytes and applied in high-performance all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. The influences of spinning solution concentration, salt addition, electrospinning voltage and receiving distance on fiber morphologies were explored and analyzed. Moreover, the influences of SPES nanofiber membrane on the crystallinity, ionic conductivity, mechanical properties, and electrochemical properties of composite solid electrolyte were also studied under the optimal spinning process. Results When the spinning solution concentration was 23%, the electrospinning voltage was 30 kV and the receiving distance was 15 cm, the obtained SPES nanofibers had the best morphology among them. Based on obtaining the optimal spinning solution concentration of ordinary SPES nanofibers at 23%, the influence of ammonium tetrabutyl hexafluorophosphate on fiber morphologies were investigated. It was found that the optimum parameters for preparing dendritic SPES nanofibers were salt dosage of 2%, electrospinning voltage of 30 kV and receiving distance of 15 cm. After the nanofibers and PEO were constructed into the composite electrolytes, both the ordinary SPES nanofibers and the dendritic SPES nanofibers caused the crystallization peak of PEO in the composite electrolyte be smaller than that of pure PEO electrolyte, indicating that the interlaced nanofibers were conducive to destroying the crystallization zone of PEO matrix. The destruction of nanofibers with two structures to the crystallinity of PEO was also reflected by the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. At 30 ℃, the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte containing ordinary SPES nanofibers was 6.92×10-5 S/cm. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte containing dendritic SPES nanofibers was as high as 8.13×10-5 S/cm at 30 ℃, which is even 1.4 times that of pure PEO electrolyte (5.62×10-5 S/cm). In addition, the ordinary SPES nanofiber membranes and the dendritic SPES nanofiber membrane can provide skeleton support for the PEO matrix, and the mechanical strength of the electrolyte containing the two types of fiber membranes was as high as 4.8 MPa and 5.1 MPa, respectively. In the lithiumi/lithium symmetric battery, the electrolytes composed of ordinary SPES nanofiber membrane and dendritic SPES nanofiber membrane could maintain the battery cycling for 180 h and 198 h, respectively. But the pure PEO electrolyte had a short circuit during a 65 h cycle at 0.1 mA·h/cm2. When LiFePO4/Li was assembled with an electrolyte containing of the dendritic SPES nanofiber membranes, the electrolyte enabled the battery to maintain a high specific discharge capacity of 128.6 mA·h/g after 400 cycles. Conclusion From the tested results, it can be seen that both the ordinary SPES nanofiber membrane and the dendritic SPES nanofiber membrane can damage the crystalline region of the PEO matrix to a certain extent, thereby greatly enhancing the ionic conductivity of the prepared composite solid electrolyte. In addition, as the support skeleton of PEO matrix, both fiber membranes can improve the mechanical strength of composite solid electrolyte. However, the modification effect of dendritic SPES nanofiber membrane on electrolyte is more excellent. This is because dendritic SPES nanofiber has more branch fibers than SPES nanofiber, which destroys the crystalline region of PEO to a greater extent and is more helpful for constructing the enough three-dimenstional ion transport pathway. Therefore, the dendritic SPES nanofiber membrane modified electrolyte can better meet the actual application requirements of high-performance all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Digital design method of clothing reverse modeling ZHOU Li, FAN Peihong, JIN Yuting, ZHANG Longlin, LI Xinrong Journal of Textile Research    2023, 44 (12): 138-144.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221001901 Abstract （179）   HTML （16）    PDF （20789KB）（142）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Aiming to obtain doubled amount of design through data reconstruction during generating the digital model from the physical object of the design work, a digital design method of clothing reverse modeling is built up. It mainly addresses two problems: one is to restore and save the data of irreproducible clothing, the other is to carry out reverse modeling and extension design of excellent clothing works. Methods The point cloud data obtained through 3-D scanning were simplify, and the topology into a quadrilateral grid was optimized. Then, surface reconstruction design was carried out on the special-shaped grids caused by singular points, with position adjusting, quantity increasing and decreasing, and shape changing. As the last step, the digital simulation design of clothing modeling was set up following reverse engineering through mapping and restoration. Results The clothing design ideas and methods were submitted based on the reverse modeling process (Fig. 1), which could restore quickly the virtual experimental objects and provide designers with new design methods and skills for secondary expansion modeling. The rationality of the pattern structure was verified by the three-dimensional effect of the clothing and the actual object with distinctive features. First, it collects, restores and stores data of irreproducible clothing by clothing models acquiring model topological surface reduction, modeling structure splitting, and texture mapping (Fig. 2). Second, it calibrates the position of the singularity to provide a reference method to quickly carry out reverse modeling and extension design on excellent clothing works (Fig. 3). Third, it carries out extension modeling by adjusting the position of the singularity, increasing or decreasing the number, changing the shape of the surface reconstruction design, and making a real entity for objective verification (Fig. 4). The shape and structure of improved extension design work could be transformed into planes, and the pattern drawing of the reverse topology clothing provides a basis for pattern adjustment, and also lays the foundation for clothing shape design and same type clothing structure optimization (Fig. 5). Fourth, it can be converted into an editable structural pattern based on the expansion of the pattern drawing, so as to further carry out the simulation operation and experiment of the clothing model (Fig. 6). At the same time, dynamic simulation of a series of transformations such as on clothing material, texture and new shape can be carried out (Fig. 7). Conclusion Taking a drape-cut garment with complex shape as an example, the rationality and feasibility of the garment reverse shape design method are verified. At the same time, it is possible to reversely draw out the clothing version or digital model, to carry out version extension and try-on corrections with 3-D digital software, and to verify the final shape obtained by the reverse modeling method. This method aims to reduce the waste of resources and pollution caused by forward fashion design, to address the long production cycle, and to use digital modeling to improve the high-quality development of design innovation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (03): 247-247.   Abstract （178）      PDF （40559KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Dynamic modeling and control of package yarn pulled by mobile manipulator XU Gaoping, SUN Yize Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (01): 1-11.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20231202801 Abstract （176）   HTML （29）    PDF （7023KB）（84）       Knowledge map    Save Objective With the continuous development of robotics and textile industry intelligence, the use of industrial robots to replace manual labor to complete all types of typical textile processing skills operations has become a new trend in the textile industry. However, in complex textile processing environments, the direct manipulation of flexible yarns by robots suffers from yarn morphology perception difficulties and spatial limitations. Therefore, a yarn-pulling manipulation control framework with an integrated robotic obstacle avoidance motion planning strategy is proposed to realize collision-free and smooth pulling manipulation of package yarn on the warping frame by the robot from the starting point to the target point. Method First, the dynamics model of yarn on the package surface is constructed; then the motion coupling relationship between the robot and the yarn is analyzed and the motion control equation of the robot pulling the yarn is given; furthermore, the improved adaptive goal-guided rapidly-exploring random trees (AGG-RRT) algorithm based on the axial strain constraints of the yarn is proposed; finally, the motion planning is out carried for the mobile composite manipulator, which prevents the yarn from overstretching while circumventing the obstacles. Results In simulation experiment 1, taking the mobile manipulator bypass from the front of the yarn frame to the back of the yarn frame as an example, the robot obstacle avoidance path search is simulated to test the obstacle avoidance ability when facing a large obstacle. The results show that after eight traversal collision detection and correction of the searched robot end collision-free path, a completely collision-free path in the robot joint space is obtained, and the movement process of the robot around large obstacles is shown, and the translation motion curves of the robot's mobile chassis and the joint motion curves of the manipulator are obtained. In simulation experiment 2, taking the mobile manipulator gripping the reserved yarn end of the package and pulling around the obstacle to the target point as an example, the simulation for searching the obstacle avoidance path of the robot pulling yarn is carried out. The results show that after eight traversal collision detection and correction of the searched robot end collision-free path, a completely collision-free path in the robot joint space is obtained, and the translation motion curves of the robot's mobile chassis and the joint motion curves of the manipulator are obtained. Furthermore, the collision-free path of the mobile manipulator is planned in the Cartesian coordinate system using S-shaped velocity curve to obtain the interpolation trajectory of the robot pulling yarn. Then, according to the dynamic model and the motion control equation, the spatial configuration and the overall axial strain of the yarn under each moving time step of the robot are obtained, and the obstacle avoidance motion process of robot pulling yarn is shown. The results show that the absolute value of the overall axial strain of each element of the yarn is smaller than the preset value. Conclusion Simulation results validate the ability of the obstacle avoidance algorithm to bypass large obstacles and show its applicability in complex textile processing environments. The successful planning of a collision-free trajectory for the robot pulling yarn and the effective control of the axial strain of the yarn demonstrate the effectiveness of the control framework, which can realize a collision-free and flexible hauling operation of the manipulator for the packaged yarn from the starting point to the target point. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Surface functionalization of fibers based on amyloid-like protein aggregation WANG Haoyue, HU Yaning, ZHAO Jian, YANG Peng Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (08): 1-9.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240400601 Abstract （172）   HTML （45）    PDF （11740KB）（146）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Flexible wearable smart fabric is one of the ideal forms of the next generation of flexible wearable devices, in which the functional fiber construction plays a crucial role. In order to address the issues related to current surface functionalization strategies for polymer fibers such as complex modification processes and poor coating stability, this study developed a fiber surface functionalization strategy based on protein amyloid-like aggregation. Method This strategy involves immersing polyester fibers in a lysozyme phase transition solution containing functional substances, which can form stable functional coatings on the fiber surface at room temperature. Silver nanoparticle coating-modified fibers and fabrics, quantum dot-modified fibers, and PEG-modified fibers and fabrics were prepared. During the preparation process, the disulfide bonds in the protein molecules are broken and the resulted unfolded molecular chains undergo amyloid-like aggregation to form protein nanocoatings containing functional units on the fiber surface. The electrical conductivity, antibacterial property, luminescence behavior, hydrophilicity and coating stability of the functional fibers and fabrics were characterized. Results Various functional polyester fibers were fabricated based on the amyloid-like protein aggregation. The proteinaceous coating with specific functions was easily formed on the fibers surface within a short time under ambient conditions, exhibiting exceptional interfacial adhesion to withstand bending stresses and prevent functional coating detachment during the prolonged usage. The silver nanoparticle coating-modified fiber was prepared by means of amyloid-like protein aggregation induced by metal ions. The results suggested that when the lysozyme concentration was 0.02 mg/mL, the silver nanoparticle coating-modified fiber had optimal electrical conductivity with a resistance of only 1.39 Ω when length of fiber was 1 cm. It could withstand 37 tear-off cycles in a 3M tape test and showed no significant change in resistance after 20 000 bending cycles, indicating the high stability of the formed silver nanoparticle coating. Furthermore, the silver nanoparticle coating-modified polyester fabrics exhibited certain antibacterial activity. Therefore, silver nanoparticle coating-modified fibers can be used to prepare the conductive antibacterial textiles. Quantum dot-modified fibers exhibited fluorescence under UV irradiation and the fluorescence properties were closely related to the concentration of lysozyme. With the increase of lysozyme concentration, the fluorescence on the fiber surface first increased and then decreased. When the lysozyme concentration was 5 mg/mL, it had the strongest fluorescence intensity and maintained good stability with no significant decrease in fluorescence intensity after 10 000 bending tests. To improve the hydrophilicity of polyester fibers, the lysozyme-PEG conjugates were firstly synthesis. The lysozyme-PEG coating was formed on the fiber surface significantly improving its hydrophilicity, which was evaluated through the characterizations of water drop immersion and moisture permeability. It is demonstrated that water drop immersion time decreased from 24 s to 2.5 s and moisture permeability increased from 4 500 g/(m2·d) to 5 800 g/(m2·d). Furthermore, the water drops immersion time and moisture permeability of PEG modified fabrics was less affected by the cycle of bending. Conclusion Inspired by the strong adhesion of protein amyloid structure in nature, functional nanocoatings on the surface of fibers were constructed successfully with high curvature based on the amyloid-like protein aggregation strategy. The strategy is simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly, and the coating function is highly adjustable by controlling the functional substances. Notably, the coating can adhere stably on the surface, effectively solving the coating debonding problem during long-term use. It provides a new method for fiber surface functionalization and has great application prospects in the field of flexible intelligent wearable fabrics. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress in electret technology for melt-blown nonwovens MENG Na, WANG Xianfeng, LI Zhaoling, YU Jianyong, DING Bin Journal of Textile Research    2023, 44 (12): 225-232.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220701302 Abstract （167）   HTML （16）    PDF （4203KB）（79）       Knowledge map    Save Significance Industrial development caused air pollution. Parallel to the effort of control air pollution, it has become necessary and important to have materials which is capable of filtering the polluted air for people to breathe clean air. The most direct and effective way to achieve this goal is to use air purifiers, masks, and other related filtering equipment. The outbreak and spread of COVID-19 pandemic in recent years have brought great challenges to global public health protection, and various countries took various protective measures. Filtering materials with low air resistance, high filtration efficiency, and high charge storage stability have attracted much attention, and the market demand has been growing. Safety protection articles such as masks, protective clothing, and respirators have become indispensable pandemic prevention materials and for normal epidemic prevention. Melt-blown nonwovens, as the key materials of protective articles, have attracted much attention in the research of melt-blown nonwovens with high efficiency, low resistance, and stable charge storage. Progress In order to deeply understand the research status of the electret technology of melt-blown nonwovens, this paper systematically reviewed the electret technology for making melt-blown nonwovens, the electret effect of melt-blown nonwovens and the prospect of electret melt-blown nonwovens. The paper summarized the characteristics and mechanisms of six electret technologies, including corona charging, friction electrification, electrospinning, and water electret. The technology and application status of corona electret and water electret treatment were analyzed in the main. Additionally, the mechanism of electrostatic storage and its stability were introduced. Then the influence of electret material, electret process, and polymer crystal structure on the electrostatic storage performance of melt-blown nonwovens was also analyzed. Furthermore, in view of the challenges to electret technology, this paper summarized the development of new electret materials with multi-function and high-added value and the combination of multiple electret technologies as the main development direction of electret melt-blown nonwovens in the future. Conclusion and Prospect With the continuous outbreak of global infectious diseases, awareness of health, safety, and protection is gradually enhanced, and the quality requirements for protective articles are constantly improved. The research and development of electret melt blown nonwovens with stable charge storage has become a scientific problem that needs to be solved urgently, which is of great significance to promoting the construction of emergency public health safety in the world. At present, electret melt blown nonwovens are made using mainly two processes, i.e., electrostatic electret and water electret. Researchers of electrostatic electret preparation methods have made some positive achievements, but the technical development and research of water electret need to be further explored. In general, with the development of new materials and the improvement of new technologies, electret melt-blown nonwovens with stable charge storage, longer service life, diverse functions, and good comfort will be more widely used in the fields of filter materials, barrier materials, medical and health materials, and so on. With the progress of information and digital technology, as well as the acceleration of industrialization and manufacturing power, intelligent, information-based, and digital electret melt blown nonwovens will also become a new trend of development. Improving the electrostatic storage and stability of electret melt blown nonwovens has also become an important and necessary work for industrial textile workers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation of cellulose hydrogel fiber and its flame retardancy and sensing property LIU Yide, LI Kai, YAO Jiuyong, CHENG Fangfang, XIA Yanzhi Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (04): 1-7.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230907201 Abstract （167）   HTML （32）    PDF （7816KB）（119）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Lyocell fiber is a novel eco-friendly fiber produced through solvent spinning techniques with excellent flexibility and mechanical strength. Due to the outstanding performance, Lyocell fiber is extensively utilized in the textile, household, and medical sectors, rendering it an ideal substrate for fabricating functional fibers. However, Lyocell fiber is composed entirely of cellulose, poses a significant flammability risk. Simultaneously, its inherent insulating properties also impede the advancement of Lyocell fiber in the realm of flexible electronics. Therefore, enhancing the flame retardancy and electrical conductivity of Lyocell fiber is imperative to expand their functional applications. Method In order to address the issues of flammability and limited functionality in cellulose fiber, this study utilized Lyocell fiber as the primary research material and employed a typically etherification reaction strategy to modify. By introducing carboxyl groups and metal ions (Na+), flame retardancy and water absorption properties were imparted, resulted in the formation of an ionic conductive hydrogel fiber upon water absorption. The surface morphology of the modified fiber was characterized, and flame retardancy of the carboxymethylated fiber as well as the sensing performance of the hydrogel fiber were investigated. Results The carboxymethylation modification of Lyocell fiber had excellent flame retardancy and water absorption properties. The morphology of modified fiber remains similar to original fiber, exhibited a smooth outer surface. In thermogravimetric analysis, due to the introduction of carboxyl and Na+, the residual carbon content of the modified fiber was significantly increased from 17.0% to 24.4%. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of original Lyocell fiber was merely 17.8%. However, the LOI of fiber can be significantly enhanced to reach an impressive 35.3% through carboxymethylation modification, thereby ensuring its non-ignitability even over prolonged periods in fire. The presence of metal ions exerted a flame retardant effect, resulting in a significant reduction in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of Lyocell-Na from 184.4 W/g to 55.2 W/g. Moreover, the total heat release (THR) and heat release capacity (HRC) also decreased by 49.4% and 40.7%, respectively. It is noteworthy that Lyocell-Na exhibited a characteristic double heat release peak. This phenomenon arose from the promotion of carbonization in the fiber matrix by Na+, resulting in the formation of a dense barrier carbon layer on the fiber surface during the initial stage of combustion. Once sufficient heat accumulated within this carbon layer, it eventually breaches, leading to the second heat release peak. Compared to pure Lyocell fiber, the tensile strength of the fiber slightly decreased after carboxymethylation, from 3.9 cN/dtex to 3.2 cN/dtex. This could be attributed to that the reaction was carried out in an alkaline environment, and NaOH would decrease the crystallinity of Lyocell fiber, consequently impacted its mechanical strength. The hydrogel fiber showed a sensitive cyclic response to changes in finger bending angle. When the hydrogel fiber was attached to the finger joint for bending cycle action, it underwent deformation to yield and exhibited varying rates of current change corresponding to different bending angles. Conclusion Cellulose-based hydrogel fiber was successfully prepared from Lyocell fiber by etherification reaction. By introducing carboxyl groups and metal ions into the molecular chain, the flame retardancy and water absorption of Lyocell fibers were significantly improved. Moreover, the gelled fiber exhibits a certain level of ionic conductivity upon water absorption. By considering the flame retardant performance, different degrees of deformation can generate corresponding changes in current signals, enabling identification of the operational state. Therefore, this work holds promising prospects for advancement in the field of flexible sensing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress and trends in application of wearable technology for elderly population LIU Huanhuan, MENG Hu, WANG Zhaohui Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (03): 236-243.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230206202 Abstract （165）   HTML （24）    PDF （3527KB）（145）       Knowledge map    Save Significance In order to provide a more secure and healthy life for the elderly population increasing, innovative wearable products with the advantages of real-time, continuity, and environmental awareness are developed to support older people's health monitoring, well-being, and independence. It promises to be an effective way to alleviate the issue of social stress at old age. However, there are significant restrictions on creating intelligent wearable designs for seniors. For instance, most wearable devices are not truly created with the needs of the elderly in mind. As an important aspect, smart wearables should be made to take care of the unique needs of the elderly population. It is hoped that this study will, to a certain extent, contribute to the innovation and development of age-friendly smart wearable technology devices and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing services for elderly users in the context of an aging population. Progress The current situation of age-friendly wearable research in recent years is reviewed. A framework diagram of age-friendly innovative wearable research development is proposed, including the human body layer, product layer, functional layer, and industrial ecology layer. Firstly, the human body layer outlines the changes in the characteristics of the elderly group from 3 perspectives: physiological, psychological, and social attributes. As people age, their bones, bodies, and physical abilities change. They also become more susceptible to negative emotions, and their social roles alter, affecting their mentality and ideas about consuming. Then, concerning the current state of research on intelligent wearable products for the elderly, the vital technical approaches to research age-appropriate innovative wearable products are analyzed from the product level. The seven dimensions are sensors, materials, morphology, structure and interaction methods, functional algorithms, and evaluation methods, of which the most important are sensor type and placement structure and interaction methods. Secondly, the existing research on smart wearable designs suitable for the elderly population is summarized in five functional layers: physiological system, neurological system, motor system, emotional system, and spatial mobility system, and the current design paradigms of age-friendly smart wearable products are summarized based on the current development status of the six industrial ecological layers. Conclusion and Prospect From a review of relevant researches, researchers have paid attention to the use of wearable technology to improve the quality of aging development. However, the following areas for improvement still exist in the current research. Few wearable products are genuine "age-friendly" in design, and they do not fundamentally focus on the needs of the elderly. The design of wearable products for the elderly, the integration of electronic components with the human body and the comfort and convenience of wearing them still need further research. At the same time, more wearable products are currently designed to meet the physical health needs of the elderly, with less attention paid to mental health. Therefore, efforts can be made in the following aspects of future research. (1) The functions of wearable devices for the elderly should be from the perspective of the practical needs of the elderly and have a certain degree of relevance. (2) The accuracy and real-time requirements of intelligent wearable devices for information collection are the most important, which is the root cause of the absolute practicality of the product. (3) Older people can only replenish their power supply energy sometimes and anywhere, thus posing new challenges to the endurance of intelligent wearable devices. (4) Older users must be allowed to always wear the device independently while meeting the needs of older people who can easily and quickly understand its use. (5) Privacy and security. How to ensure the privacy and security of the elderly population during use is a crucial focus for future research. (6) Most of the consumers in the elderly group have the concept of frugal consumption, so the design and production of wearable products should be reasonably priced to reduce the burden of use on the elderly consumer group. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advances in smart textiles oriented to personalized healthcare DONG Kai, LÜ Tianmei, SHENG Feifan, PENG Xiao Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (01): 240-249.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221106002 Abstract （161）   HTML （28）    PDF （3892KB）（88）       Knowledge map    Save Significance With the increasing prevalence of infectious diseases and the growing trend of population aging, the conventional hospital and the clinic-centered public health system lack the abilities for remote real-time monitoring, diagnosis and treatment, making it more difficult to achieve the monitoring of sustained vital signs and the implementation of long-term treatment programs. On the basis of the rapid development of wearable electronic devices, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence, the future healthcare model will transform from a therapeutic, centralized, passive, and even one-size-fits-all treatment to a new paradigm of proactive, preventive, personalized, customized and intelligent way. Therefore, various wearable signs and posture monitoring equipment, intelligent diagnostic and therapeutic tools, and highly integrated physiological health assessment systems are being developed, which will profoundly change the medical care and people's life in the future society. Progress As a combination product of advanced functional or intelligent attributes with conventional wearable textile materials, smart textiles are gradually emerging because of their abilities to collect, process, transmit, and display information, which can serve as a good medium for human being to interact with the outside world. In addition, smart textiles can be a powerful tool to generate and store energy, sense and respond to multiple external stimuli (such as mechanical, thermal, optical, chemical, radiant, magnetic or acoustic stimul, and even communicate with users, which will attract considerable research interest and enrich a wide range of application areas ranging from wearable power sources, luminescent visualization, athletic sports, to personal health management and information transmission and communication. In term of personized healthcare, smart textiles can provide insight into a person's physiological state, and directly conduct on-site disease monitoring and intervention, thus reducing the healthcare burden and improving treatment results. According to their basic working mechanisms or electrical response modes, smart textiles can be divided into seven categories, including piezoelectric effect, piezoresistive effect, capacitive effect, triboelectric effect, thermoelectric effect, optical fiber based effect, electrochemical effect, and etc. Each mode has its own advantages and disadvantages, which need to weighed based on the actual application scenarios and performance requirements. For example, based on the coupling effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, a variety of smart textiles based on triboelectric effect are developed, which have two main functions of autonomous power supplying and active self-powered sensing. uwing to the outstanding advantages of simple structure design, wide range of material selection, and high energy conversion efficiency at low frequencies, the triboelectric-based smart textiles have attracted extensive attention both from academia and industry, which have been widely studied in the applications of emergency self-charging clothes, multifunctional flexible sensors, personalized healthcare devices, human-computer interaction interfaces and artificial intelligence. Conclusion and Prospect Aiming at the application of smart textiles in personalized healthcare, their recent research process in sleep respiration monitoring, electromyography monitoring, tactile sensing, personalized treatment, and intelligent diagnosis are mainly introduced. In each aspect, typical examples are given to illustrate the application of smart textiles in personalized healthcare. In the end, the future development trend and potential challenges of smart textiles in personalized healthcare are introduced. There is no doubt that with the integration of more intelligent technologies and the urgent needs of future medical market, smart textiles will be rapidly developed in personalized healthcare, and gradually form mature products. Meanwhile, it is also worth noting that the application of smart textiles in the field of personalized healthcare also faces many challenges, especially in the aspects of circuit connection reliability, long-time machine washability, affinity to human skin, large-scale fabrication and integration, and so on. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Fabrication of high molecular weight chitosan core-shell nanofibers FANG Lei, LIU Xiuming, JIA Jiaojiao, LIN Zhihao, REN Yanfei, HOU Kaiwen, GONG Jixian, HU Yanling Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (09): 1-9.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230701601 Abstract （161）   HTML （48）    PDF （9845KB）（147）       Knowledge map    Save Objective High molecular weight chitosan (HMCS) has many advantages when used in the field of wound management because of its antibacterial properties as well as the cell and tissue growth capabilities. However, fabricating HMCS nanofiber is challenging since the spinning solution's viscosity is extremely high. In order to solve this problem, solution blow spinning was studied and adjusted to fabricate HMCS nanofibers, and the spinning parameters were identified to fabricate polyethylene oxide (PEO) as shell and HMCS as core nanofibers, which were transformable to physical hydrogel when contacting the wound exudate for wound healing. Method The spinning solutions containing 1.6% mass fraction HMCS and 2.5%-5.0% mass fraction PEO were prepared by dissolving and mixing these two species in 50% mass fraction aqueous acetic acid solutions, with 200 r/min mixer rotation rate and 10 h mixing time. The well-mixed solutions were degassed for 12 h before solution blow spinning. In the spinning process, PEO-HMCS nanofibers were spun with the parameters ranging from 0.04 MPa to 0.10 MPa air pressures and 21 cm to 33 cm collecting distances. The area of the resulting PEO-HMCS nanofibers was 2 010 cm2 and the spinning duration was 45 min for each of the four spinning solutions. The temperature was kept at 24 ℃ with the relative humidity of approximately 20% during the solution blow spinning process. Results The morphologies of the PEO-HMCS nanofibers were observed by scanning electron microscopy and field emission-scanning electron microscopy. The shapes of the nanofibers were straight lines and the fiber surfaces were not smooth, with some ripple shapes. When the PEO mass fractions in solutions increased from 2.5% to 5.0%, the mean diameters of the nanofibers increased from 133 nm to 210 nm, with the nanofibers porosities anchanged and remaining at 0.69. This study also investigated the influences of changing collecting distances on the resulting nanofibers mean diameters, as well as the influences of changing air pressures on the resulting nanofibers mean diameters. When the collecting distances increased from 21 cm to 27 cm, the PEO-HMCS nanofibers mean diameters decreased first and then increased. As the air pressures increased from 0.04 MPa to 0.05 MPa, the mean diameters increased from 637 nm to 790 nm. After further increasing air pressures to 0.07 MPa, the mean diameters dropped to 375 nm. Continuing increasing the air pressures to 0.10 MPa led to the mean diameters decreasing from 359 nm to 397 nm. The detailed nanofiber core shell structures were observed by the transmission electron microscopy. Before immersed in water, the thickness of the fiber shell was 340 nm and the thickness of the fiber core was 35 nm approximately. After immersed in water, the thickness of the fiber shell significantly decreased. When the PEO mass fraction increased from 2.5% to 5.0%, the mean diameters of the PEO-HMCS nanofibers increased from 161 nm to 211 nm, with conductivities decreasing from 1 760 μS/cm to 1 640 μS/cm and viscosities increasing from 42 082 mPa·s to 91 055 mPa·s. The dynamic viscosities of PEO 2.5% mass fraction solution dropped quickly to 0.11 Pa·s before shear rate reached 1 s-1, and remained unchanged afterwards. The dynamic viscosities of 1.6% HMCS solution decreased slowly during shear rate sweeping from 0.1-1 000 s-1, and the values were all higher than those of 2.5% PEO solution. For the dynamic surface tensions, higher PEO mass fractions led to lower dynamic surface tensions. Furthermore, no nitrogen element was detected on the nanofiber surfaces by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The in vivo animal experiment results showed that the PEO-HMCS nanofibers significantly promoted wound healing. Conclusion The types as well as the mass fractions of HMCS and PEO were studied for fabricating HMCS nanofibers. The nanofibers showed unique morphological structures, mean diameters, and pore distributions. Several specialized solution blow spinning parameters, including air pressures and collecting distances, could influence the fabrication process. The solution viscosities, conductivities, and surface tensions also had an impact on the HMCS nanofibers formation. No HMCS was found on the nanofibers surfaces and only PEO existed. The resulting PEO-HMCS solution blow spinning nanofibers had core shell structures, with PEO mainly locating at the shell region and HMCS at the core region. The shell of the nanofiber was semi-flexible and the core was stiff with no flexibility. The in vivo animal experiment results showed that the PEO-HMCS core shell nanofibers could be used as the physical hydrogels to promote wound healing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation and properties of chitosan micro-nanofiber composite antibacterial air filter material CHEN Jinmiao, LI Jiwei, CHEN Meng, NING Xin, CUI Aihua, WANG Na Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (05): 19-26.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221003701 Abstract （160）   HTML （54）    PDF （7640KB）（130）       Knowledge map    Save Objective In recent years, the rapid development of the economy has been accompanied by increased air pollution, leading to frequent hazy weather conditions. Consequently, particulate matter has emerged as the primary pollutant in outdoor air pollution in our country, posing serious health risks to people. Electrospun nanofiber membranes show promise in air filtration due to their small diameter, three-dimensional porous structure, and large surface area. However, the low strength of these nanofiber membranes limits their large-scale industrial application. In this study, we employ chitosan, known for its antibacterial, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties, to prepare an environmentally friendly antibacterial air filter. Methods The raw materials used were chitosan spunlaced nonwovens (CS), chitosan (CHI), and polyethylene oxide (PEO). By electrospinning technology, a layer of chitosan/polyethylene oxide (CHI/PEO) nanofibers membrane was electrospun on the surface of CS, and then a composite air filter (CHI/PEO-CS) was obtained. Then, the micro-morphology, fiber diameter, pore size distribution, and air permeability of CHI/PEO nanofiber membranes with different PEO concentrations were measured. Finally, the antibacterial properties of the CHI/PEO-CS composite membrane were studied by testing the filtration performance of the composite membrane and selecting the appropriate PEO concentration. Results The average fiber diameter of CHI/PEO fibrous membranes gradually extends from 111 nm to 198 nm with incensing the concentration of PEO. And the average fiber diameter of the CS spunlaced nonwoven fabric is relatively large and about 11.5 μm. With the combination of CHI/PEO nanofibers and CS spunlaced nonwoven fabric, an air filtration membrane was constructed, while the electron microscopy images demonstrate a good adherence between CHI/PEO nanofibers and the CS substrate. The combination of CHI/PEO with CS is solely a physical composite, indicating that there are no chemical reactions between the components. When the concentration of PEO varies between 0.3% and 0.6%, the strength of CHI/PEO-CS remains relatively constant, indicating that the electrospun CHI/PEO nanofibers exert a minimal impact on the mechanical strength of the spunlaced nonwoven fabric. This observation suggests that CS significantly enhances the mechanical properties of CHI/PEO-CS.The pore size distribution of the CHI/PEO-CS composite membrane shows two distinct peaks. The first peak corresponds to the CHI/PEO fiber membrane, while the second represents CS, and the change in pore size follows the trend in fiber diameter. With the increase of PEO concentration, the air permeability was improved accordingly, although the filtration efficiency initially increases and then decreases. Based on these results, we chose a PEO concentration of 0.45% with the highest quality factor for further study. At this concentration, the filtration efficiency of CHI/PEO-CS for 300 nm NaCl aerosol particles significantly increased from 1.6% (in original CS) to 99.56%, with a pressure drop of 63 Pa. Furthermore, after multiple cycles and prolonged testing, the filtration performance of CHI/PEO-CS consistently remained above 99%. Additionally, the interception ratios for E.coli and S.aureus were 99.97% and 99.88%, respectively, significantly surpassing that of pure CS, providing enhanced protection in practical applications. Conclusion In order to prepare a kind of environmentally friendly antibacterial air filtration material, a layer of chitosan/polyethylene oxide (CHI/PEO) nanofibers membrane was electrospun on the surface of chitosan spunlaced nonwovens (CS), it was found that the CHI/PEO-CS composite membrane with PEO concentration of 0.45% had better comprehensive properties, including fiber morphology, air permeability (246.2 mm/s), and mechanical properties (2.26 MPa), excellent antibacterial performance (interception ratio >99.88%), high filtration efficiency (99.56%) and lower pressure drop (63 Pa). Therefore, a kind of composite filter material composed entirely of chitosan, was successfully prepared which has both excellent strength of micro-fiber good filtration performance of nano-fiber, and good antibacterial performance. This work provides a new idea for the research and development of functional air filtration materials. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Low-damage preparation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation warp knit membrane fabrics with adaptive tension XI Lifeng, JIANG Gaoming, MA Pibo, JIA Wei, ZHANG Hongbin, WANG Jiamian, XIA Fenglin, ZHANG Qi, LIU Haisang Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (07): 1-9.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240407701 Abstract （156）   HTML （21）    PDF （7599KB）（76）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used to provide continuous extracorporeal blood oxygenation to patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure to maintain the patients' life. The ECMO device consists of an oxygenator, a centrifugal pump, and a control system, of which the oxygenator is the core component for accomplishing the blood oxygenation. This study addresses the problem of technological gaps in the preparation of separation membrane fabrics for oxygenators and presents a study on the low-damage preparation of ECMO membrane fabrics based on warp knitting technology. Method Through the stitch analysis of membrane fabrics made from polymethylpentene (PMP) hollow fibers membrane, the parameters such as knitting stitch, yarn type and other fabric specifications of membrane fabrics were determined. The knit fabrics were manufactured on the special Tricot warp knitting machine from PMP hollow fiber membrane. Based on the experimental results and the understanding of the knitting equipment, warp yarn tension was identified as one of the main influencing factors affecting the damage of the PMP hollow fiber knitting. An adaptive warp yarn tension control method was proposed with the Tricot warp knitting machine through the PID control strategy design and the fifth degree polynomial curve planning, aiming to achieve low-damage knitting of PMP hollow fiber. Results The results showed that the damage of prepared ECMO membrane fabrics was mainly caused by the mismatch of yarn demand between the warp feed and knitting action at constant speed. The knitting tension amplitudes at 900, 1 000, and 1 100 mm/rack warp feed were 28, 23, and 19 cN, respectively, which led to the attenuation of PMP hollow fiber strength, outer diameter, and air flux. The ECMO membrane fabrics were prepared using the adaptive tension control method. The warp tension amplitude in a single cycle was regulated from 2.4-23 cN to 3-10 cN at the warp feed of 1 000 mm/rack, and the tension fluctuation amplitude was reduced by 56.5%. The results of ECMO film fabric preparation under adaptive tension control showed 3% loss of outer diameter and a 5% loss of strength at the weaving position. The N2 flux was decayed by 17%, CO2 flux by 12% and O2flux by 14% before and after braiding. Compared with the experiment without adaptive tension control, each gas flux index showed 65% enhancement of N2 flux, 63% enhancement of CO2 flux, and 62% enhancement of O2 flux, which further exemplified the effectiveness of the adaptive tension control scheme for the low-damage preparation of ECMO membrane fabrics. Conclusion In this paper, based on warp knitting technology, a self-adaptive warp tension regulation method was developed to realize the low damage preparation of ECMO warp-knitted membrane fabrics by using homemade PMP hollow fibers as the substrate. The main research conclusions are as follows. 1) Through the membrane fabric preparation experiments, an adaptive tension control method is proposed, and through the PID control strategy and the fifth polynomial speed planning curve, the "peak shaving and valley filling" of the warp yarn tension curve in the preparation process of ECMO membrane fabrics is accomplished, realizing the low-damage preparation of ECMO membrane fabrics. 2) The strength, outer diameter, and air flux of the PMP hollow fiber are significantly attenuated during the knitting process of the ECMO membrane fabric on a HKS Tricot warp knitting machine. This attenuation is primarily attributable to the material properties of the PMP membrane. A key contributing factor is the mismatch between the constant speed let-off rate and the actual amount of yarn required for the knitting process. 3) By testing ECMO membrane fabrics preparation under adaptive tension control, it was found that the mechanical properties, outer diameter, and air permeability of the PMP hollow fibers were significantly improved. The N2 flux of the prepared ECMO membrane fabrics was attenuated by 17%, the CO2 flux was attenuated by 12%, and the O2 flux was attenuated by 14%. The flatness, density, and gas flux results of the fabric have reached the level of foreign products. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review on preparation of electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers and their application in water treatment FENG Ying, YU Hanzhe, ZHANG Hong, LI Kexin, MA Biao, DONG Xin, ZHANG Jianwei Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (05): 218-227.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221203002 Abstract （152）   HTML （25）    PDF （3433KB）（93）       Knowledge map    Save Significance Chitosan is a natural polymeric alkaline polysaccharide derived from a wide range of sources, and its molecular chain is rich of reactive groups, which can be used as adsorbent in the field of water treatment. However, conventional chitosan adsorbents have the disadvantages of small specific surface area, poor stability and difficulties in secondary recovery, resulting in low adsorption rate and poor economic efficiency, which seriously limits the industrial applications. Chitosan nanofibers are functional biomass regeneration fibers with large specific surface area, high porosity, flexible surface function and certain strength prepared by a series of spinning methods with chitosan as the main component, and fibrillation of chitosan can significantly eliminate the defects in the conventional chitosan adsorbents. Fibers can be formed by various techniques such as electrostatic spinning, wet spinning and chemical vapor deposition spinning, among which electrostatic spinning is the most common method for preparing chitosan-based nanofibers with uniform morphology. This paper presents a review of domestic and international studies on the preparation of chitosan-based nanofibers using electrostatic spinning technology, aiming to provide guidance for improving the spinnability of chitosan and the physical morphology and mechanical properties of chitosan-based nanofibers. Progress In order to enhance the spinnability of chitosan and improve the physical morphology and chemical properties of chitosan-based nanofibers, researchers have carried out a lot of studies in the aspect of preparing chitosan nanofibers using electrostatic spinning technology, and found that the parameters of spinning liquid and process parameters of electrostatic spinning device are the important factors determining the properties of nanofibers. First of all, only the spinning solution with good viscosity and conductivity can make chitosan nanofibers with uniform diameter and good mechanical properties by electrostatic spinning technology. In recent years, researchers have prepared ideal spinning solution by modifying chitosan through cross-linking, grafting and derivatization, but this still falls short of the standard for industrial application. Researchers have used natural/synthetic polymers to further enhance the viscosity and conductivity of the spinning solution, but synthetic polymers such as polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyurethane and other synthetic polymers have a certain degree of toxicity leading to the final production of fibers with a limited range of applications, while natural polymers such as cellulose, collagen and so on, have become a hotspot of the research on the preparation of excellent chitosan spinning solution in recent years because of their non-toxic and non-hazardous advantages. Secondly, in addition to the preparation of spinning solution with good viscosity and conductivity, suitable process parameters are also important prerequisites for the preparation of excellent chitosan nanofibers. For example, the appropriate voltage value in the electrostatic spinning process is an important guarantee to ensure that the fibers have good morphology and excellent performance, and it is found that the fiber diameter decreases with the increase of voltage, but the fiber diameter starts to increase when the voltage is higher than the critical range. Finally, this paper summarizes the effectiveness of chitosan-based nanofibers as adsorbents for the treatment of heavy metal ions such as Ni2+, Cu2+, Cr6+ and U6+ and dyes such as Congo Red, methylene blue and carmine in wastewater, and finds that the resulting fibers can be used for the simultaneous adsorption of a variety of heavy metal ions, anionic and cationic dyes as the spinning technology improves, and elucidates the repetitive regeneration properties of chitosan-based nanofibers in the adsorption of different pollutants. Conclusion and Prospect Chitosan-based nanofiber is a new type of adsorbent material with the advantages of easy separation, large specific surface area and flexible surface function, which can effectively improve the economic efficiency and avoid secondary pollution, and it is of great significance to help the early realization of "double carbon". Chitosan fibrillation based on electrostatic spinning technology can be divided into two steps: preparing of spinning solution and spinning formation. The preparation of spinning solution by dissolving chitosan in acid is the first step to enable chitosan spinnable, and changes in parameters such as spinning solution, process and environment during spinning formation ultimately change fiber morphology by affecting the ease of jet stretching. In addition, modification methods such as cross-linking, graft copolymerization, derivatization and blending can not only improve the spinnability of chitosan, but also enhance the acid resistance, thermal stability, antibacterial properties and adsorption of chitosan-based nanofibers. In the co-blending spinning process, the electrostatic interaction between chitosan and natural/synthetic polymers and the entanglement resulting from the reaction of different groups can improve the spinnability of chitosan. The search for new green, non-toxic and post-treatment-free solvents in the preparation of spinning solution, the search for new natural/synthetic polymers as co-spinning agents for improving chitosan spinnability during spinning and forming, and the use of multi-template molecular imprinting technology to enhance the adsorption for contaminants are the future trends of chitosan-based nanofibers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advances in application of soft robot in apparel field WANG Jianping, ZHU Yanxi, SHEN Jinzhu, ZHANG Fan, YAO Xiaofeng, YU Zhuoling Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (05): 239-247.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230500702 Abstract （143）   HTML （15）    PDF （7073KB）（92）       Knowledge map    Save Significance With the continuous progress of robotics and automatic control technology, robotics has been widely used in various fields such as medical treatment agriculture, and industry. China is a large producer of industrial robots, but the application of robotics in the apparel field is seriously lagging behind. Therefore, it is imperative to promote the combination of robotics with the apparel industry and enhance its application in automated apparel manufacturing and intelligent apparel. Soft robots are made from deformable materials, which have the advantages of high flexibility and adaptability compared with rigid robots and have now become a research hotspot in the field of robotics. The use of flexible materials enables soft robots to safely collaborate with users, which meets the requirement of co-integration in the apparel field and has great potential in accelerating the process of apparel intelligence. Progress This paper reviews the research progress of soft robotics in the apparel field. The paper starts by focusing on the key technology of soft robot. Research status is summarized in four aspects, which are manufacturing materials, manufacturing methods, driving methods, control and modeling. The different driving methods are widely used in textile grasping and transferring, and medical-assisted garments, respectively. Among them, the soft body gripper represented by gas drive shows excellent application prospects in textile fabric gripping and transfer, and the combined gripper and multi-point layout model further simplifies the automated clothing transfer system. The soft robotic garments are divided into upper limb assisted garments and lower limb assisted garments. Hand function rehabilitation gloves in upper limb assistive devices mainly enhance hand muscle strength with the help of pneumatic artificial muscle or tendon drive. The other parts of the upper limb and lower limb assisted flexible robot garments are employed to reduce metabolic costs so as to improve motor performance by means of shape memory alloy fabric muscles, unpowered exoskeleton devices, and so on. It is also pointed out that the development of garment-assisted strategies should focus on the importance of the human-machine system. Conclusion and Prospect In oder to address the shortcomings in the existing research, the driving method can be optimized with the help of smart materials, and the sensing and control elements can be reduced in combination with micromachining technology to improve the soft robot manufacturing efficiency and precise control. By analyzing the textile fabric characteristics, the accuracy of textile fabric gripping and dropping, and improve the versatility of fabric gripper to face the complicated fabric handling process are proposed for improvement. The research and development of intelligent garments should adhere to the principle of "human-centered" and optimize the performance of robot-assisted devices with the help of "human-in-the-loop" approach. The research of soft robots is still in its infant stage, and its use in the apparel field is of profound interdisciplinary and system complexity. It is necessary to further explore the industrial model of apparel smart manufacturing, and to integrate soft robotics with the apparel industry based on human needs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on correlation between charge storage and filtration performance of melt-blown polylactic acid/polyvinylidene fluoride electret air filter materials YANG Qi, LIU Gaohui, HUANG Qiwei, HU Rui, DING Bin, YU Jianyong, WANG Xianfeng Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (01): 12-22.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230101701 Abstract （141）   HTML （35）    PDF （16122KB）（89）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Under the background of the continuous aggravation of air particulate matter pollution, in order to achieve efficient filtration of PM2.5 and other harmful particulate matters in the air to achieve the purpose of protecting human life and health, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with good dielectric and polarity was compounded with biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA), so as to prepare an environmentally friendly electret air filter material with fine fiber diameter, small pore size, high filtration efficiency and low filtration resistance. And the influence of PVDF on the crystallization behavior, charge storage performance and the relationship between the mechanism and filtration performance of PLA corona electret air filtration material was investigated. Method The melt-blown nonwovens were prepared by melt blending with PLA as the substrate and PVDF as the electret additive material. The convenient and efficient corona electret process was adopted to greatly improve the filtration efficiency of the prepared PLA/PVDF melt-blown nonwovens of through electrostatic adsorption without increasing the filtration resistance. The influence of PVDF on the crystal structure of PLA and the change of crystallinity were studied by X-ray diffractometer. The influence of PVDF on the crystallization process of PLA was studied by hot stage polarizing microscope, and the charge storage performance was studied by thermally stimulated discharge tester. Results By introducing an appropriate amount of PVDF (PLA/0.3%PVDF melt-blown nonwovens), the melt-blown nonwovens fiber is more uniform, the fiber network structure is more dense, the pores are more, the pore size is smaller, and the diameter is finer to 2.60 μm. It was found by X-ray diffractometer that the introduction of PVDF made the crystallization of PLA more orderly. The crystallinity of PLA/0.3%PVDF melt-blown fabric was the highest, reaching 16.99%. It was found by hot stage polarizing microscope that the introduction of PVDF significantly accelerated the crystallization rate of PLA. The test results of surface electrostatic meter and thermal stimulation discharge instrument show that the electrostatic potential of PLA/0.3%PVDF melt-blown nonwovens after corona electret can reach more than 3 kV, the peak value of TSD is higher, and the charge storage capacity is significantly improved. It shows that the introduction of PVDF can improve the crystallization properties of PLA and promote the crystallization process of PLA, thereby increasing the charge storage position during corona electret. The filtration efficiency of PLA/0.3%PVDF single-layer melt-blown nonwovens after corona electret reached 85%, and the filtration resistance was less than 40 Pa. Compared with the filtration efficiency of the corona electret melt-blown nonwovens without PVDF, the filtration efficiency was increased by more than 20%. The quality factor was used for comprehensively measuring the effect of air filter materials. It was found that the quality factor of PLA/0.3%PVDF melt-blown nonwovens after corona electret was higher than that of non-electret melt-blown nonwovens from less than 0.01 Pa-1 to 0.046 Pa-1. The filtration efficiency of PLA/0.3% PVDF melt-blown nonwovens decreased from 98% to 80% when the air flow rate increased from 10 L/min to 90 L/min, with the smallest decrease. It is further illustrated that the corona electret melt-blown nonwovens with an appropriate amount of PVDF has the best overall filtration performance. Conclusion By systematically studying the relationship between the crystallization behavior, charge storage performance and filtration performance of PVDF on PLA corona electret air filter material, it is found that the introduction of PVDF has an important influence on the crystallization performance of PLA/PVDF melt-blown nonwovens. The introduction of PVDF accelerates the crystallization rate of PLA and increases the crystallinity, which leads to the improvement of charge storage performance of PLA/PVDF melt-blown nonwovens and finally improves the filtration performance. The prepared degradable high-efficiency electret air filter material can effectively cope with the increasingly severe air pollution and the continuous virus prevention and control. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research status and development trend in individual cooling garment LIU Yuting, SONG Zetao, ZHAO Shengnan, WANG Xinglan, CHANG Suqin Journal of Textile Research    2023, 44 (12): 233-241.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221003402 Abstract （140）   HTML （21）    PDF （12450KB）（116）       Knowledge map    Save Significance In high-temperature environments during the summer and high heat scene, workers' body core temperature keeps rising, leading to heat stress issues such as heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and heat cramp. Individual cooling garment are capable of mitigating heat stress issues that workers may experience in high-temperature environments. By regulating the temperature inside the clothing, they enhance the comfort of the wearer and improve their work efficiency. These suits serve as effective protective equipment with notable cooling effect. Traditional individual cooling garment face key issues such as short cooling duration, hot and humid when worn, and coolant leakage. The emergence of new cooling systems has provided research directions for improving cooling garment. Based on the latest research findings, the classification of cooling garment from a cooling system perspective has been introduced. The latest cooling system designs have been summarized, and the main factors influencing cooling garment performance have been analyzed. Additionally, the future development trends have been outlined with the aim of providing reference for the research and development of cooling garment. Progress It is crucial to develop new cooling systems and find solutions to enhance the comfort of cooling garment. Researchers have conducted extensive studies to improve cooling systems, aiming to enhance cooling effectiveness and refrigeration efficiency. In the field of gas cooling garment, researchers have compared the impact of garment size and ventilation rate on thermal resistance and cooling effectiveness. The results indicate that loose-fitting gas cooling garment exhibit superior ventilation efficiency and cooling effectiveness compared to form-fitting suits. To address practical applications, researchers have developed gas cooling garment with adjustable fan speeds. The results demonstrate that incorporating fans both in the front and back of the garment not only improves comfort but also reduces energy waste while maintaining longer cooling effects. In the field of liquid cooling garment, the latest approach for pipe preparation involves using PU fabric and heat pressing techniques to create cooling pipes. Liquid cooling garment designed with semiconductor refrigeration devices have effectively addressed coolant leakage issues and improved thermal comfort for wearers. Regarding pipe layout, research indicates that transverse arrangement of cooling pipes yields higher cooling efficiency compared to longitudinal arrangement. In the field of phase-change cooling garment, multiple studies have shown that increasing the temperature difference between the cooling pack and the environment improves cooling efficiency. Therefore, scholars have developed hybrid cooling jackets using dry ice and fans, resulting in improved refrigeration efficiency, extended cooling duration, and easier cleaning of the cooling garment. In the development of new cooling garment, thermoelectric refrigeration systems are gaining attention. These systems do not require compressors and allow for quick and accurate adjustment of cooling efficiency by regulating electric current. The temperature range that can be controlled is wide (-130 ℃ to 90 ℃), and there is no risk of refrigerant leakage with semiconductor cooling plates. Radiative cooling is another research direction of interest. Nanofabricated silk cooling garment based on radiative cooling principles can lower skin temperature by 8 ℃ in high-temperature environments, meeting comfort requirements. Furthermore, it is essential to develop new materials that offer excellent wearer comfort, high cooling efficiency, and enhanced environmental sustainability for new cooling systems. Examples include temperature-sensitive shape-memory bacteria and nanoporous polyethylene materials. Addressing the portability issues of convection-based gas cooling garment and insufficient power supply for cooling devices, a vacuum desiccant cooling (VDC) system has been developed. VDC pads are prepared and initialized by a high-performance vacuum pump, with the vacuum layer facilitating evaporation for cooling effects. Conclusion and Prospect The development of cooling clothing in the future is mainly reflected in the research and development of green functional fabrics with good cooling effect, and in optimizing the packaging of the cooling medium to reduce energy waste. The future development of cooling clothing is mainly reflected in the development of green functional fabrics with good cooling effects and new lightweight and durable materials. The following are believed to represent the research directions: optimization of the packaging of cooling medium to reduce energy wastel; further research and development of automatic adjustment heat exchange network to improve wearing comfort; more comprehensive ergonomic evaluation of cooling garment, taking into account the thermal perceptual response and ergonomics and other factors to improve the performance of cooling garment, and development of more intelligent, simple, miniaturized intelligent temperature control system. 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Preparation and photocatalytic properties of g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4/polyacrylonitrile composite nanofiber membranes WANG Peng, SHEN Jiakun, LU Yinhui, SHENG Hongmei, WANG Zongqian, LI Changlong Journal of Textile Research    2023, 44 (12): 10-16.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220901601 Abstract （134）   HTML （19）    PDF （4327KB）（112）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Aiming at problems in the field of photodegradation, such as low mass transfer efficiency of a single catalyst, easy recombination of photogenerated carriers, limited light absorption performance and reaction active site, and poor reusability, a self-assembly method was used to construct a g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4 S-type heterojunction catalyst structure, attempting to dope catalyst into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) spinning solution. The g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4/PAN composite nanofiber membranes were successfully prepared using electrospinning technology. Method In order to further characterize the morphology and structure of the composite nanofiber membrane, we used scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to characterize the size and morphology of the nanofiber membrane and its photocatalytic degradation performance for specific dyes. We also investigated its photocatalytic degradation performance for dye wastewater such as Reactive Red 195 in order to further explore its practical application potential. SEM and TEM characterization analysis showed that when photocatalysts were added, the nanofibers changed from a uniform long straight fibrous structure to a curved network structure. Results The morphology of the nanofibers in the PAN composite nanofiber membrane was better, and g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4 could be loaded onto the PAN through electrospinning technology. The g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4 could be uniformly distributed on the surface of the composite nanofiber membrane. The diameter before and after loading g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4 on the fibers showed a uniform state, with a size of approximately 200-400 nm. To investigate the specific impact effects, a composite nanofiber membrane was used for photocatalytic degradation of 50 mL of Reactive Red 195 (0.05 mmol/L) solution. The experimental results showed that the degradation rate of g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4 gradually increased with time, and the dye was almost completely degraded after 60 min. This fully demonstrated the very important role of g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4 in the degradation of Reactive Red 195 dye. In addition, although the degradation rate of dyes by g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4/PAN was slow in the early stage of the reaction, the dyes were almost completely degraded at 180 min, indicating that the composite nanofiber membrane showed the same degradation effect as g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4 and still had good photocatalytic degradation performance for dyes. After 180 min, the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4/PAN composite nanofiber membrane was still high, with a degradation rate of 91.23%, exhibiting good recyclability. The g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4/PAN still had a high decolorization rate for Reactive Red 195 after 5 cycles of used. The degradation rates of Reactive Red 195 were 91.23%, 82.54%, 81.40%, 79.30%, and 77.11% after 5 cycles of reaction for 180 min, respectively, indicating that g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4/PAN had good reusability and stability. Exploring the photocatalytic mechanism of g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4 catalyst, it was found through radical quenching experiments that superoxide radicals ·$\mathrm{O}_{2}^{-}$ and hole h+ were the main active species in the oxidative degradation reaction of dyes. After adding tert-butanol, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and p-benzoquinone to the reaction system, the degradation rates of Reactive Red 195 were 86.15%, 42.31%, and 10.82% at 180 min, respectively. This indicated that in the g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4/PAN system, the contributions of ·OH, h+ and ·$\mathrm{O}_{2}^{-}$ to the decolorization and degradation reactions of dyes were 5.05%, 48.89%, and 80.38%, respectively. The ·$\mathrm{O}_{2}^{-}$ and h+ were the main active species in the oxidative degradation reactions of dyes. Conclusion It was proposed that the mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation degradation of dyes may be the formation of a reasonable S-type heterojunction in g-C3N4/MXene/Ag3PO4. The introduction of MXene with high conductivity as a solid-state electron mediator leads to faster electron transfer from Ag3PO4 to the surface of g-C3N4, resulting in higher catalytic performance of the catalyst. This S-type heterostructure provides stronger reduction/oxidation ability to generate more active free radicals and higher catalytic activity to degrade pollutants, thereby decomposing Reactive Red 195 into small molecules under the synergistic effect of ·$\mathrm{O}_{2}^{-}$ and h+. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Current situation and development in applying metaverse virtual space in field of fashion WANG Xuewei, YU Xiaokun Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (04): 238-245.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230300202 Abstract （134）   HTML （13）    PDF （6349KB）（61）       Knowledge map    Save Significance Under the dual influence of Web3 and AIGC, the content and form of virtual spaces are gradually converging towards the shape of the Metaverse, holding substantial commercial and economic value for the textile and fashion industry. This paper reviews and discusses the strategies and methods for constructing virtual spaces for textile and fashion. It is advantageous for textile and fashion brands, manufacturers, and designers to adapt to the dramatic shifts in economic and creative models brought about by the rapid development of Web3 and artificial intelligence. This adaptation would enable these enterprises to better understand the future direction of the market, respond to market demands, innovate more rapidly, enhance production efficiency, reduce costs, and ultimately improve their competitiveness and market share. Progress Virtual spaces serve as vital mediums in the Metaverse, enabling fashion brands to engage in activities such as AR try-ons, NFT issuance, digital game development, digital avatar creation, and the establishment of Metaverse communities. Mass-oriented virtual spaces include open-world spaces originating from video games, online 3-D galleries, and digital twins. This paper outlines three methods for establishing fashionable virtual spaces, integration within existing Metaverse projects, the development of standalone fashion virtual spaces, and the creation of pop-up event spaces. It summarizes virtual space applications in the textile and fashion industry, encompassing brand promotion, virtual try-ons, clothing customization systems, digital clothing design tools, and more. By studying and reviewing current operational models of fashion spaces, the paper identifies shortcomings in terms of commercial viability, practicality, and interactivity, such as inadequate technical support, low audience engagement, poor user experiences, and insufficient traffic conversion. The advantages of physical commercial centers over virtual spaces in terms of government support, historical and cultural significance, and interactivity are discussed. Additionally, the rapid development of artificial intelligence is noted for its transformative effect on fashion creative models. Conclusion and Prospect The next phase of focus in the textile and fashion sector's virtual spaces is the development of fashion integrated business complexes. Fashion virtual spaces should be grounded in successful physical integrated business complexes, creating spaces that mirror physical entities to achieve a profound integration of the physical and digital economies. This paper provides specific implementation pathways and approaches to build a fashion integrated commercial complexes in virtual space. This includes leveraging virtual reality and artificial intelligence to cultivate culturally rich, real-world-connected fashion business centers within the Metaverse. Specific strategies involve drawing inspiration and investment from successful physical businesses, establishing digital twins, creating fashion business centers that amalgamate fashion concepts, artistic creativity, lifestyles, culture, and history, and deploying, expanding, and promoting them through curation. Employing AR and MR technologies to project virtual scenes into the physical world is recommended, as is using physical scanning or encouraging user participation in space co-creation activities to enrich virtual space content. Leveraging artificial intelligence to develop digital roles such as digital fashion designers and digital shopping assistants can bridge the gap between physical and virtual spaces. Making effective use of Web3's advantages in confirming creative ownership, encouraging collaborative user content creation, and employing incentive mechanisms like collection, rewards, and competition can attract user participation in content creation and sharing within virtual spaces, leading to traffic growth and realization. Ultimately, this will facilitate the deep integration of the physical and digital economies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation and thermal insulation properties of encapsulated polyacrylonitrile/SiO2 aerogel composite nanofibers WANG Xinqing, JI Dongsheng, LI Shuchang, YANG Chen, ZHANG Zongyu, LIU Shicheng, WANG Hang, TIAN Mingwei Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (05): 35-42.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221105701 Abstract （133）   HTML （21）    PDF （5901KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Aerogel is a novel class of three-dimensional network solid materials, which are porous, high in thermal resistance, and low in volume density, and can be prepared by sol-gel method under the action of gaseous dispersion medium. Aerogels therefore have enormous application potential in the area of thermal insulators, energy conservation because they can effectively delay and block heat flow and reduce heat loss. However, low mechanical strength, high brittleness and easy breakage would hinder the actual aerogel applications. One-step forming of aerogel composite fiber can be achieved by using polymer solution and aerogel powder, and the synergistic improvement of thermal insulation/warmth retention performance can be further achieved by regulating the microstructure of monomer fiber and the macro structure of fiber assembly. However, there are few reports on this aspect. Method In order to effectively integrate the functional and structural advantages of nano-aerogel and nanofiber, a new production technology was designed and developed to prepare polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/SiO2 aerogel composite nanofibers by one-step method using coaxially solution blowing process. In spinning process, the SiO2 aerogel and the PAN were served as core layer and skin layer respectively, at the speed of 2 mL/h and 12 mL/h. The influences of SiO2 aerogel content in composite fibers on fiber morphology, structure, stability, mechanical properties, and thermal insulation properties were specifically studied. Results The PAN/SiO2 aerogel composite nanofibers prepared by coaxially solution blown spinning were continuous, uniform and loosely arranged, and the fiber diameter was distributed primarily in the range of 100-400 nm. Furthermore, three-dimensional crimps were shown in morphology and structure due to the disordered shearing effect of high-speed airflow during the fiber forming process. The introduction of SiO2 aerogel significantly affected the surface morphology of the fibers, forming a porous fold structure. PAN/SiO2 aerogel composite nanofibers were heated up in an oven at 180 ℃ for 240 min to evaluate their thermal stability. After heating, the fibers still retained their porous fold structure, showing good thermal stability. Moreover, the contents of micropores and mesoporous pores on the fiber surface were gradually increased with the increase of SiO2 aerogel content. The obtained PAN/SiO2 aerogel composite nanofibers demonstrated excellent thermal insulation, and the thermal conductivity of the sample with SiO2 aerogel mass concentration of 6 mg/mL was as low as 0.037 38 W/(m·K) at 40 ℃. Under the condition of 50 ℃, the surface temperature of the fiber tested by thermal infrared was 32.5 ℃, and under the condition of 65 ℃, the surface temperature of the fiber tested by thermal infrared was 37.5 ℃. In addition, the weighed PAN/SiO2 aerogel composite nanofibers had a low gram weight (about 70 g/m2), and felt soft and fluffy. Owing to its excellent thermal insulation and convenient and stable production process, PAN/SiO2 aerogel composite nanofibers indicate a broad future market in aspects of thermal insulation, field survival and industrial thermal insulation. Conclusion This paper reported a new route of macro quantization preparation of aerogel composite nanofibers by "one-step method". Specifically, PAN/SiO2 aerogel composite nanofibers were prepared by solution blowing coaxial spinning technology using PAN and SiO2 aerogel particles. In conclusion, the prepared solution blown aerogel fiber has the advantages of low weight and flexible manufacture process, and the spinning efficiency can reach 8-12 times that of electrospinning. It can play a broad application prospect in the aspects of thermal insulation, industrial thermal insulation, and military thermal infrared shielding. In the future, an important development direction of aerogel fibers and their products is to utilize simple fiber processing technology to realize one-step integrated processing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation and performance of copper modified antimicrobial and anti-mite polyamide 6 fiber ZHENG Xiaodi, SHENG Pinghou, JIANG Jiacen, LI Rui, JIAO Hongjuan, QIU Zhicheng Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (03): 19-27.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220900701 Abstract （133）   HTML （24）    PDF （5785KB）（123）       Knowledge map    Save Objective The application of copper antimicrobial agent in fiber materials is faced with three major problems. Firstly, the functional nano powder has serious agglomeration and poor compatibility with polymer materials, which makes it difficult to disperse evenly. Secondly, copper is easy to be oxidized and discolored, resulting in poor stability and uniformity of fiber color. Thirdly, spinnability and mechanical properties of fiber decrease with the increase of antimicrobial agent content, therefore it is difficult to increase the content of copper antimicrobial agent in the fiber. It is important to improve the dispersion, interfacial compatibility, and antioxidant properties of copper antimicrobial agent in fibers. Method In this study, the nano spherical copper antimicrobial agent was coated with oleic acid. Two types of copper modified PA6 antimicrobial masterbatch containing 1.1% and 2.1% copper antimicrobial agent were obtained by squeezing granulation. Copper modified PA6 antimicrobial and anti-mite fibers were obtained by melt spinning and composite spinning, respectively. The structure, morphology and interfacial compatibility of copper antimicrobial agent, thermal stability and spinnability of antimicrobial masterbatch, copper content, mechanical properties, antimicrobial, and anti-mite properties of fiber and fabric samples were analyzed. Results The diffraction peaks were found sharp with no other impurity peaks appearing, indicating that the sample was well crystallized and was still pure after modification. No obvious weight loss is found during the dehydration at about 100 ℃, which indicated satisfactory hydrophobicity of the sample. Sample C1 showed about 0.4% of weight loss at 300 ℃, and its thermal stability met the requirement of melt spinning, and the dispersion was good without large-size agglomeration under the electron microscope and showed good hydrophobicity with water contact angle of 146°, which was consistent with the TG results. Whether it is melted spinning or composite spinning, pre-oriented yarn sample had high fiber yield of 94%. The fiber yield of draw textured yarn sample is 93% and 94%, respectively. The modified spherical copper antimicrobial agent hardly affected the mechanical properties of PA6, which could be attributed to the reduced agglomeration and improved dispersion of the oleic acid modified spherical copper antimicrobial agent, resulting in fewer large rigid particles in the fiber. The interfacial interaction between PA6 and copper particles was enhanced with the help of oleic acid. The elongation at break of the copper modified PA6 fiber was 29.95% and the tensile breaking strength was 4.43 cN/dtex. For Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, copper modified PA6 DTY sample (X1') and copper modified PA6 sheath-core DTY sample (X2') both have high bacteriostasis rate of 99%. The bacteriostasis rate was still over 99% after washing for 50 cycles, indicating that the samples had good resistance to washing and superior long-lasting antibacterial performance. After washing, the copper content of the X1' sample was 1.26% and that of the X2' sample was 1.11%. Compared with the copper content of the two fiber samples before washing, the copper content remained basically the same within the allowable testing error. For mixed test, fungi colony consists of Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium funiculosum and Chaetomium globosum, the mildew proof grade of the fiber reached grade 0, meaning no obvious mildew colony under magnifier. X2' samples were woven into fabric for the anti-mite performance test. The result showed that the average number of mites in the test group was 22 and that in control group was 194, suggesting the repellent rate of mites of 89%. Conclusion The dispersibility of oleic acid coated spherical copper antimicrobial agent and its compatibility with PA6 are good. Copper modified PA6 antimicrobial masterbatch has good thermal stability and spinnability. Copper modified PA6 antimicrobial and anti-mite fiber has high fiber yield of 88% and excellent color consistency at a high antimicrobial addition of 1.1%. The mechanical property of the fiber is adjustable. The antimicrobial, mildewproof and anti-mite properties of fiber samples are strong and durable. Therefore, copper modified PA6 antimicrobial and anti-mite fibers have broad industrial application potentiality in military personal protective equipment, fiber products for medical and health industry and textiles for civil clothing and home decoration. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anti-fibrillation pretreatment technology for Lyocell woven fabrics SHI Lujian, SONG Yawei, XIE Ruyi, GAO Zhichao, FANG Kuanjun Journal of Textile Research    2023, 44 (12): 96-105.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221002001 Abstract （132）   HTML （13）    PDF （19615KB）（84）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Lyocell fibers are prone to high fibrillation owing to the friction under alkaline condition. In order to reduce the fibrillation behavior, herein, the effects of pretreatment process, like cold pad-batch desizing, hot-alkali desizing, enzyme desizing, bleaching, and mercerizing on the fibrillation phenomenon were investigated. The relationship between chemicals such as NaOH, H2O2, as well as treatment conditions like time and temperature, and fibrillation generation process was analyzed. Then, the pretreatment conditions and process of Lyocell woven fabric were optimized. Method In this paper, in order to investigate the effect of desizing process on fibrillation phenomenon, cold pad-batch desizing, hot-alkali desizing, and enzyme desizing were conducted, respectively. Then, the desized Lyocell woven fabric was bleached and mercerized. The treatment conditions like time, pH value, temperature and the chemical concentration were determined. The capillary effect and whiteness were measured. The fibrillation behavior was determined using Martindale abrasion machine and observed with scanning electron microscope. From the comparison of the fabrics after the treatment of deszing, bleaching and mercerizing, the pretreatment process and conditions were optimized. Results The effects of desizing processes on the properties of capillary effect, whiteness, and fibrillation behavior were investigated. In the cold pad-batch desizing of Lyocell fabrics, capillary effect and whiteness increased as the NaOH concentration increased from 10 to 30 g/L (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). However, when the concentration of NaOH was above 25 g/L, the pilling grade decreased and fibrillation appeared. Comparatively, the pilling grade of the Lyocell fabric decreased from significantly when the concentration of NaOH is above 20 g/L using hot-alkali desizing (Fig. 5). It means that low temperature desizing could avoid the generation of fibrillation phenomenon to a certain extent. In enzyme desizing, the fabric obtained satisfactory capillary effect and whiteness at the enzyme concentration of 8 g/L with a batching time of 12 h. Moreover, the pilling grade maintained at 4 and no obvious fibrillation phenomenon appeared when the enzyme desizing condition varied. It was indicated that enzyme desizing was a good choice for good capillary effect and whiteness with lower fibrillation behavior. The influence of bleaching treatment on fibrillation behavior was presented (Fig. 13 and Tab. 3). In can be seen that, increasing the H2O2 concentration could significantly increase the whiteness, but fibrillation appeared when the H2O2 concentration was above 3 g/L and the treatment time was above 30 min. The effect of mercerizing on fibrillation was also investigated (Fig. 15 and Fig. 16). The result shows that, when the concentration of NaOH was above 125 g/L and the treatment time was above 1 min, serious fibrillation appeared on Lyocell fabric surface. The reason is that alkali treatment could cause obvious fiber swelling, then Na+ carried a large number of water molecules into the amorphous region of the fiber, resulting in the decrease of fiber lateral force. Conclusion In the pretreatment process of Lyocell fabrics, obvious swelling and fibrillation could be caused by NaOH. From the comparison of cold pad-batch desizing, hot-alkali desizing and enzyme desizing, the last method could effectively reduce the fibrillation behavior of the Lyocell fabrics because there is no alkali consumed. H2O2 bleaching can further improve the whiteness of the fabric, but when the concentration is higher, the fabric of Lyocell will be slightly fibrillated. In addition, because Lyocell fabrics have less impurities than cotton, light bleaching process can be used to obtain higher whiteness. In addition, alkali mercerization can cause serious fibrillation, so mercerization was not suggested to be conducted in the pretreatment process. Therefore, in order to reduce the fibrillation tendency in Lyocell woven fabric pretreatment, low temperature, low alkali consumption or enzyme treatment was suggested. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation and fast wettability of polylactic acid micro-nanofibrous dressing by melt blowing process WANG Rongchen, ZHANG Heng, ZHAI Qian, LIU Ruiyan, HUANG Pengyu, LI Xia, ZHEN Qi, CUI Jingqiang Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (01): 30-38.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220807101 Abstract （132）   HTML （16）    PDF （7330KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Polylactic acid (PLA) micro-nanofibrous nonwovens have weak hydrophilicity and low cell adhesion, adversely affecting wound healing, and are more likely to cause inflammation when used for preparing dressings. This considerably limits the effective use of PLA micro-nanofibrous nonwovens in the healthcare sector. Therefore, it is necessary to modify PLA hydrophilicity to improve its use in healthcare applications. Method Polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polylactic acid are fused and blended. PLA blending raw materials with the SDS mass ratio of 0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2% and 1.5% are fed into screw extruder to melt. The melt is quantitatively transported to the spinneret hole of the die head by the pump and extruded in the form of melt stream through the spinneret hole. PLA micro-nanofibrous are formed by melt microflow under the action of high temperature and high-speed air flow at the die, which are then collected on the receiving screen after drafting and self-bonded to form PLA micro-nanofibrous nonwovens. Finally, the PLA micro-nanofibrous dressing is prepared by thermal lamination of the PLA micro-nanofibrous nonwoven and the viscose spunlaced nonwoven. Results The contact angle of the sample free of SDS was 116° (>90°) and did not change with time. With the increase of SDS ratio, the wetting time of the sample was gradually shortened. When the SDS ratio reached 1.5%, the droplets could be completely spread on the material in 0.06 s, and the sample showed super hydrophilic effect at this time. The absorption intensities of infrared curves at 1 080 and 1 750 cm-1 were enhanced after SDS addition, indicating that the ester group of PLA fiber increased after SDS addition, so the dynamic contact angle of the sample with SDS addition decreased at the same time, and the liquid conductivity of the sample was enhanced compared with that without SDS addition. The diffusion area of liquid on PLA micro-nanofibrous nonwovens increased from 36.05 cm2 to 78.26 cm2, which increased by 117.08%. The wetting time of the surface layer and bottom layer of the sample decreased from 5.34 and 3.75 s (3-5 s is fast) to 2.91 and 2.81 s (≤3 s is the maximum speed), respectively. The water absorption rate increased gradually from 4.38%/s and 4.31%/s (0-9%/s is extremely slow) to 9.15%/s and 9.39%/s (9%-29%/s is slow), respectively. The diffusion velocities of liquid water in the surface layer and bottom layer increased from 2.21 and 2.77 mm/s (2.0-2.9 mm/s is medium speed) to 8.34 and 8.11 mm/s (≥4.0 mm/s is the maximum speed). At this time, the liquid absorption rate reaches 429.94% and the liquid retention rate reaches 359.42%. According to the observation, the PLA micro-nanofibrous nonwoven with SDS has a significant influence in preparing wound dressing guide liquid, and can be naturally degraded after use, which is in line with the current characteristics of green environmental protection. Conclusion PLA micro-nanofibrous nonwovens with rapid liquid conduction characteristics were prepared by melt blowing technology. A small amount of SDS can reduce the composite viscosity of PLA and make the polymer fluidity better. The rheological property of the polymer with SDS is better, causing the melt to be more easily drawn, so the diameter of the ejecta fiber is smaller. The addition of SDS will increase the ester group of PLA fiber, facilitating the rapid liquid conductivity enhancement of PLA micro-nanofibrous nonwovens. Moreover, the prepared PLA micro-nanofibrous dressings can be naturally degraded after use, which is in line with the characteristics of current green environmental protection, and has good research significance in the field of medical nursing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress in macrofungi and mycelia composites YUAN Jiugang, WANG Yingxue, ZHOU Aihui, XU Jin, TANG Ying, FAN Xuerong Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (07): 223-229.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221204702 Abstract （132）   HTML （5）    PDF （4541KB）（44）       Knowledge map    Save Significance Fungi are neither plants nor animals, which are one of the first life forms on Earth. Fungi are widely distributed in nature, with millions of species. In recent years, with the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection and the progress of cultivation technology, the application of fungi is also expanded. Fungi are rich in dextran and chitin, and have unique physical and chemical properties. Besides food and medicine, fungi are also widely used in material engineering. Fungal composite materials are a new type of environment-friendly material, which has the characteristics of simple production, complete degradation, durability and wide application scenarios which attracted much research interest. In order to promote the development of sustainable materials and advocate the concept of environmental protection, it is of great significance to review and summarize the current research status of fungi and mycelium composites. Progress In order to better promote the development of fungal composites, this paper makes a comprehensive review of the current fungal materials covering the composition, fermentation mode and application status. The main structure, composition, active substances and application value of large fungi such as oyster mushroom, Flammulina mushroom and Ganoderma lucidum were first introduced respectively. In order to make the explanation clearer and more concise, some detailed data about fungi materials were collected. Fermentation methods also have a great influence on the properties of raw fungal materials. Fermentation products could have different thickness and density, requiring different processing routes. Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages of solid fermentation and liquid fermentation were compared and analyzed, and their effects on the processing properties of raw fungal materials were summarized. In addition, the research progress of pure mycelia materials and mycelium composites was comprehensively reviewed. At present, the research and development of fungal materials still show rapid growth. Mycelia composite materials have applications in sound insulation materials, building boards, packaging materials, textile leather and medical dressings, and so on. Fungal materials are rich in chitin, polysaccharide and other active ingredients, which provide unique material characteristics and medical value, and are expected to be further developed in the future to broaden applications. There are, however, problems in fungal materials, such as production pollution, pathogenicity, service life and future development direction, calling for further study. This paper makes an objective analysis and prospect of fungal materials, hoping to introduce the characteristics of fungal materials comprehensively and help researchers broaden their thinking. Conclusion and Prospect Fungal materials, with good biocompatibility and no residue after degradation, have great potential to replace fossil-based materials, and their production is not limited by seasons. Particular problems to be solved have been identified as follows. 1) Conditions for fermentation needs to be optimized and suitable fermentation equipment needs to be devised to reduce pollution, as pollution and other problems increase the cost to a large extent. 2) Research on the service life of fungal materials is emperative. 3) The pathogenicity of the selected fungi materials and the possibility of insect colonization in fungi materials to become invasive species needs careful consideration. In a word, there is still a long way to go to use fungal composites on a large scale and the research and development of new fungal materials remain to be attractive. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Rheological behavior of cotton pulp cellulose/protic ionic liquid solutions MA Kai, DENG Lulu, WANG Xuelin, SHI Guomin, ZOU Guanglong Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (05): 10-18.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221108101 Abstract （127）   HTML （17）    PDF （4136KB）（56）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Cellulose is one of the most abundant renewable natural polymers but cannot be effectively dissolved by traditional solvents owing to its highly ordered hydrogen-bond network structure and high crystallinity, which limits the further development and large-scale application of cellulose. Ionic liquids with special structures, due to their strong hydrogen-bond breaking ability, are widely used as a green and efficient solvent for natural polymer dissolution and processing. However, few studies are conducted on protic ionic liquid ([DBNH][Lev]) concerning the dissolution of cellulose and their solution properties. What's more levulinic acid derived from biomass resources endows green properties to [DBNH][Lev]. Method Protic ionic liquid was used as solvent to achieve the efficient dissolution of cotton cellulose under mild conditions. The dissolution mechanism of cellulose in ionic liquid and the steady and dynamic rheological behavior of cellulose solution were systematically studied by using nuclear magnetic resonance and rheological techniques respectively. The influence of factors such as cellulose concentration, shear rate, and temperature on the rheological behavior of cellulose/[DBNH][Lev] solution was thoroughly investigated. The morphology and mechanical properties of generated films from cellulose/PILs solution were studied in view of their potential application. Results The rheological properties of cellulose are closely related to solvent category, cellulose concentration, cellulose molecular weight and experimental temperature. Firstly, it was identified that [DBNH][Lev] presented satisfactory dissolution ability to cellulose and had good solubility up to 5% to cellulose at 100 ℃. The ketone group in the Lev anion may provide a new hydrogen-bonding acceptor and donor in [DBNH][Lev] due to the keto-enol tautomerism, thus strengthening the interaction via hydrogen bonds between cellulose and [DBNH][Lev]. The steady-state rheological curves of cellulose/[DBNH][Lev] solutions with different mass concentrations at 25 ℃. For all case, a shear-thinning behavior is observed with increases in the shear rate and shear-thinning behavior becomes more remarkable when cellulose increases. Newtonian plateau phenomenon is observed when all samples were sheared at low shear rate. At the same shear rate, the apparent viscosity of cellulose solution gradually decreases with increasing temperature, which is consistent with classical polymer solutions. The power law coefficient n increases with the increasing concentration from 1.01 to 2.53 at 25 ℃. The turnover concentration from dilute to the semi-dilute unentangled regime defined as the overlap concentration (C*) was 0.83%. The viscosity-temperature dependence of solution was characterized by using the Arrhenius equation, the dissolution activation energy increases when cellulose increases. The cross-over point (gelation point) resulted in a shift to lower frequency when cellulose concentration increases at 25 ℃. It is found that both G' and G″ shift to higher frequency when the temperature decreases because more cellulose chains entangle together in low temperature at C-4 cellulose solution. Finally, it is also found that the generated films have satisfactory mechanical properties, indicating their practical application potential. The generation film at C-5 cellulose solution has the maximum tensile strength of 88.21 MPa and the elongation at breakup to 7.72%. Conclusion A green and low-cost biomass derived protic ionic liquid was applied to successfully enhance its ability to break cellulose hydrogen bonds and achieve effective dissolution in this research. It has been demonstrated that the keto-enol tautomerism in the levulinic acid anion participates in the hydrogen-bond interaction in the cellulose dissolution process. The trend of shear rate and apparent viscosity of cellulose solutions under different mass concentration conditions is consistent, showing the characteristics of pseudoplastic fluid shear thinning. The apparent viscosity of cellulose is related to cellulose concentration and temperature; The overlap concentration for transition from diluted to semi diluted state is 0.83%, and the empirical Cox-Merz rule is not applicable to cellulose/[DBNH][Lev] solutions due to the apparent viscosity curve cannot overlap well with the complex viscosity curve. Therefore, the obtained results in this research provide a basic insight into the rheological response of cellulose in ionic liquid environment, and provide guidance for the processing of cellulose (such as coating and spinning). Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation and properties of flexible thermal insulating cellulose aerogel SHI Jilei, TANG Chunxia, FU Shaohai, ZHANG Liping Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (04): 8-14.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230906101 Abstract （124）   HTML （22）    PDF （6168KB）（76）       Knowledge map    Save Objective New generation of cellulose aerogel has become a research hotspot in recent years because of its wide source of raw materials, good biocompatibility, low density and low thermal conductivity, and has been widely used in civil, military, aerospace and other fields. However, cellulose-based aerogel has some disadvantages such as poor skeleton strength, brittleness, which seriously limit its development and application in the field of thermal insulation. Therefore, a cellulose-based aerogel with high strength and high compressive resilience was studied by introducing silane coupling agent to covalent crosslinking with cellulose. Method A cellular-network aerogels with cellular-network structure was constructed by freeze-drying by using in situ covalent cross-linking of silane coupling agent 1,2-di (trimethoxysilyl) ethane (BTMSE) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) to form strong interfacial interaction. By adjusting the content of silane coupling agent, the thermal insulation aerogel with high strength and good compressive resilience was obtained. The relationship between the amount of BTMSE added and the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of aerogel was studied. The microstructure, chemical structure and thermal insulation properties of aerogel were analyzed. Results Chemical bonding was considered first in studying the forming mechanism of CNF/BTMSE aerogel. Under acidic conditions, BTMSE was hydrolyzed to form reactive silanol, and covalently was polycopated with the hydroxyl group on cellulose to form Si—O—C bond, which acted as the cross-linking point between CNF. Chemical bonding enabled cross-linking and entangling among CNF to form network structure. The second was the investigation of the temperature-induced effect. In the process of low temperature freezing, water continuously formed ice crystals, and layered ice crystals gradually grew and squeezed nanofibers, so that the nanofibers gathered among the ice crystals, and the fibers were tightly stacked and intertwined to form a three-dimensional network structure. Finally, after freeze drying, the ice crystals were directly sublimated to form a honeycomb cell structure. Due to chemical crosslinking with siloxane, the CNF/BTMSE aerogel demonstrated a more regular pore structure. After BTMSE modification, the pore size of cellulose aerogel showed a decreasing trend, proving the formation of crosslinking network. Infrared spectroscopy and XPS spectroscopy confirmed the successful introduction of silane coupling agents in 3# aerogel (the mass ratio of CNF and BTMSE is 2∶3) and the covalent force with the hydroxyl group on cellulose. Under 60% compression strain, the strength of CNF aerogel was 13.1 kPa, and the strength of 3# aerogel was 34.8 kPa, and the deformation recovery rate was 97% after the external force was removed, indicating good resilience. In addition to higher compressive stress and resilience, the aerogel modified by silane coupling agent also showed excellent cyclic compressibility resistance. After 200 cycles of cyclic compression, the aerogel still maintained 90.4% of its initial height, and the strain loss was less than 10%. The regular pore structure formed by silane modification and the mesopole formed by crosslinked network make the aerogel demonstrated low thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of 3# aerogel was 31.90 mW/(m·K), representing good thermal insulation stability, and the thermal conductivity increase was kept below 1% after 60% compression strain, which is well below the 20% increase in CNF aerogels. The 3# aerogel produced a temperature difference of about 70 ℃ on a 130 ℃ platform, showing good thermal insulation performance. Conclusion High strength and superelastic cellulose based aerogel materials were prepared by in situ covalent crosslinking and freeze-induced assembly. It improves the problems that the structure of pure cellulose aerogel with poor resilience is easy to collapse and the thermal insulation performance is decreased in real environment. It has great application value in flexible thermal insulation field. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Fabrication and properties of biocompatible nanocellulose self-healing hydrogels WANG Hanchen, WU Jiayin, HUANG Biao, LU Qilin Journal of Textile Research    2023, 44 (12): 17-25.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220704301 Abstract （124）   HTML （20）    PDF （8734KB）（75）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Hydrogel materials have a wide range of promising applications in various fields such as drug delivery, tissue healing, and wearable electronic devices because of their soft texture and 3-D porous structure. However, the low durability and poor biocompatibility of traditional hydrogels have limited their practical applications. Therefore, a self-healing hydrogel with good biocompatibility and injectable capacity should be designed to provide novel perspectives to break the current technological bottleneck. Method The self-healing property of hydrogels depends mainly on dynamic chemical bonding, which restores damaged chemical bonds and resumes the hydrogel to its original properties. Biocompatible nanocellulose self-healing hydrogels (Gel/DNCC/Borax/Ta) with triple crosslinking networks were prepared by reversible crosslinking the amino group in gelatin (Gel) and the aldehyde group in dual formaldehyde nanocellulose (DNCC) to form imine bonds as the first crosslinking network. Then tannin (Ta) and borax(Borax) were introduced into the hydrogels to form multiple hydrogen bonding network and dynamic borate ester bonding network. Results The thermal stability of Gel/DNCC/Borax/Ta hydrogels was enhanced compared to gelatin, with the thermal decomposition temperature increasing from 277.3 ℃ to 301.0 ℃, and the maximum mass loss rate temperature increasing from 312.9 ℃ to 320.9 ℃. Compared with Gel/DNCC hydrogel, the mechanical properties and colloidal viscoelasticity of Gel/DNCC/Borax/Ta hydrogel were significantly enhanced, with the fracture strength increasing from 0.138 MPa to 0.353 MPa, representing an increase of 155.7%, and the compressive strength increasing from 0.686 MPa to 1.422 MPa, and the energy storage modulus increasing from 960 Pa to 1 550 Pa with an increase of 61.4%. The beneficial thermal and mechanical properties of Gel/DNCC/Borax/Ta hydrogels was due to the synergistic effect of multiple hydrogen bonds and dynamic covalent bonds in the hydrogels, forming a compact triple cross-linked network, thus enhancing their structural stability and improving their thermal stability. The human prosthetic hand model fitting experiments showed that Gel/DNCC/Borax/Ta hydrogel could follow body movement with good flexibility. Syringe injection experiments showed that Gel/DNCC/Borax/Ta hydrogels had good flowability and gelation ability. The cut hydrogel could heal itself and keep its original shape within 1 h at room temperature. The compressive strain of Gel/DNCC/Borax/Ta hydrogel before after healing was 0.519 and 0.509 mm/mm with a self-healing efficiency of 98%, respectively. This indicats the outstanding healing ability of Gel/DNCC/Borax/Ta hydrogel. The self-healing property of the hydrogel is derived from the dynamic borate ester and imine bonds that are re-formed and healed rapidly by their dynamic reversibility after being disrupted during the self-healing process. Detection of the proliferation of fibroblasts treated with various concentrations of gelatin cellulose complex extracts by the CCK8 method. The results showed that 0.5% of gelatin cellulose complex extracts had a well promotion effect on cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to measure fibroblast survival, and fibroblasts treated with an infusion containing 0.5% gelatin cellulose complex still had less than 5% apoptosis after 72 h. Cell staining assay showed that fibroblasts were able to survive normally in 0.5% of gelatin cellulose complex extracts. Conclusion A self-healing hydrogel with good biocompatibility and injectability is developed to solve the problems of low durability and poor biocompatibility that existed in hydrogel materials, which obstructed their applications in wearable electronic devices, tissue healing, and drug delivery. The three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure endows the Gel/DNCC/Borax/Ta hydrogel with strong mechanical properties, thermal stability and good elasticity. The dynamic borate ester bonds and imine bonds give Gel/DNCC/Borax/Ta hydrogels a strong self-healing ability, enabling them to self-heal within 1 h after damage, with a self-healing efficiency of 98%. Since gelatin, a high molecular mass water-soluble protein mixture, can act as a cell culture substrate to promote cell proliferation, DNCC also possesses excellent biocompatibility, giving the Gel/DNCC/Borax/Ta hydrogel a high degree of biocompatibility. Favorable thermal stability, mechanical properties including injectability and flexibility, and biocompatibility give the hydrogel promising potential for use in biomedical and tissue engineering. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Three dimensional modeling and heat transfer simulation of fabric-air gap-skin system HAN Ye, TIAN Miao, JIANG Qingyun, SU Yun, LI Jun Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (02): 198-205.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20231004701 Abstract （124）   HTML （21）    PDF （5394KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Excessive thermal protection of thermal protective clothing will lead to heat stress, which is detrimental to health and even poses safety risks to firefighters. Reducing the weight and increasing the permeability of firefighting clothing can reduce their heat stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fabric panel structure on its thermal protective performance based on numerical simulation, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving fabric structure design. Method Both experimental and numerical methods were adopted in this study. The experiments were performed by SET (stored energy tester) with the fabrics used as the outer shell of firefighting clothing, which provided initial and boundary conditions for numerical models. The three dimensional geometric model was developed based on the real fabric structure. On this basis, a fluid-solid conjugated heat transfer model of fabric, air gap and skin was built considering the actual wearing state. The model was validated by the experiment results and a mesh independence test was performed. The validated model was used to carry out parameter studies taking into consideration of the ambient temperature, yarn count and thermal conductivity of yarn as parameters. Results The simulation results were in correspondence with the testing results. The mesh independence test indicated that the computational results were insensitive to the mesh sizes used in this study. Throughout the entire heat exposure process, the temperature within the air gap beneath the clothing decreased rapidly. The presence of fabric and the air gap significantly contributed to the thermal protection of the skin. Under different ambient temperatures, the skin temperature remained consistent. As the heat exposure progressed, heat continually transferred to the dermis, leading to a continuous increase in dermal heat flux, which plateaued at around 45 s. With increasing peak heat exposure temperature, the surface temperature of the yarn, dermal heat flux, and dermal temperature all increased. Among all the parameters studied in this research, ambient temperature had the most substantial impact on the heat transfer process. At the microscale, yarn count had a minimal impact on skin temperature and heat flux, but this effect was temperature-dependent. Under low heat exposure conditions (758 K, 873 K), increasing yarn count resulted in reduced skin temperature and heat flux. However, as the peak heat exposure temperature rose to 988 K, increasing yarn count led to higher skin temperature and heat flux. An increase in yarn thermal conductivity had a minor effect on skin temperature and heat flux, with limited impact. Treating the yarn layer as a uniform medium resulted in lower yarn surface temperature and heat flux compared to the yarn structure model. Conclusion To investigate the heat transfer process and thermal protective performance of the fabric used in firefighting clothing, both experiments and numerical simulation were performed in this study. The models were validated by the experimental results and a parameter study was conducted. The effects of ambient temperature, yarn count and yarn thermal conductivity on yarn surface temperature, dermal temperature and dermal heat flux were simulated. The findings of this study indicate that the presence of the fabric and air gap effectively reduces skin temperature. The yarn count in the fabric layer has a complex influence on the heat transfer within the fabric-air gap-skin' system, which varies with changes in ambient temperature. For a single-layer fabric system, the air gap beneath the clothing plays a more crucial role in thermal protection, thereby mitigating the relatively weaker impact caused by variations in the fabric's thermal conductivity. Therefore, the design of the fabric panel structure should take into consideration the heat exposure environment. This approach not only contributes to minimizing the weight of thermal protective clothing but also serves to mitigate the risk of heat stress on firefighters. It ultimately enhances the occupational safety of firefighters in high-temperature environments while ensuring the thermal protection performance of the clothing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Finite element simulation of torsion behavior of braided composite tube based on multi-scale model GU Yuanhui, WANG Shudong, ZHANG Diantang Journal of Textile Research    2023, 44 (12): 88-95.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220505501 Abstract （123）   HTML （8）    PDF （17494KB）（98）       Knowledge map    Save Objective The mechanical properties of braided composites affect the scope of their applications. However, due to the complexity of the meso-structure of braided composites, the experimental research alone can no longer meet the further exploration of the mechanical properties of braided composites. To further investigate the mechanical response of braided composite tube under torsion loading, it is necessary to establish a finite element model of braided composite tube, which can well reflect the mechanical response state and has low calculation cost. Method On the basis of previous research, a carbon fiber/resin braided composite tube with a 45° braiding angle was selected as a representative research object. Taking into account the meso-structure and full-scale simulation calculation cost, a finite element model of the braided composite tube based on real size was constructed using a micro-meso-macro multi-scale method, and its torsional loading process was systematically simulated. The torsion loading process of the braided composite tube was systematically simulated, and the shear progressive damage of the unit cell and the torsion progressive damage of the tube were discussed separately. The effectiveness of the established model was verified by comparing simulation results with experimental results. Results The simulation results indicated that under XY shear loading, the damage of a braided composite tube unit cell generated first at the weak point where the braided fiber bundles interweave around the unit cell before the damage failure of the unit cell. The damage area was symmetrically distributed (Fig. 4). When shear failure generated in the unit cell, the fiber bundle showed significant delamination, which was consistent with the observed phenomenon of fiber separation towards both sides in the fractured fiber bundle in the experimental SEM image (Fig. 5). The torsion loading with an angular velocity of 30(°)/min was applied to the finite element model. The torque-twist angle curves and macroscopic failure morphologies obtained from experiments and simulations showed high consistency. These two cases showed that the model was accurate and effective (Fig. 7). The braided composite tube exhibited brittle fracture characteristics under torsion loading. The overall bearing capacity was stronger in the early stage, and damage elements only generated in the middle of the tube at the end of loading. The tube took only about 3.2 s from the appearance of damage to its structural failure. At the beginning, the composite tube was subjected to torsional force. At this point, the composite tube structure undergone load distribution again as a whole. Until 36.202 s, the middle area of the braided tube reaches the bearing limit due to a small amount of fibers and matrix, forming a damage unit. As the loading progressed, the damage diffused around the tube wall towards both ends of the tube at approximately 45° to the axial direction, which was basically consistent with the fiber bundle space braiding path. At 39.418 s, the braided composite material tube reached its load-bearing limit and the braided tube structure failed. At the same time, finally formed a clear space spiral shear band damage morphology on the surface of the tube (Fig. 8). Conclusion The finite element model of braided composite tubes constructed based on multi-scale methods can effectively reflect the torsional mechanical response state of the tubes. The spatial braiding path of fiber bundles with impact on the torsional damage propagation of braided composite tubes, which means that the mechanical properties of braided composite tubes can be further optimized by adjusting the braiding path. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Diffusion behavior of disperse dyes in supercritical CO2 fluid polyester fibers dyeing FAN Bo, WU Wei, WANG Jian, XU Hong, MAO Zhiping Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (02): 134-141.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20231006001 Abstract （123）   HTML （15）    PDF （5302KB）（82）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Supercritical CO2 fluid dyeing is attracting attentions as a green technology that is promising to root out the printing and dyeing wastewater problem. There are still deficiencies in understanding the dyeing mechanisms, among which the understanding of diffusion performance of dyestuffs would play a key role in exploring the dyeing process with supercritical CO2 fluids. This research aims to study the diffusion behaviour of disperse dyes in supercritical CO2 fluid dyed polyester fibers. Method The diffusion behaviour of disperse dyes (Disperse Red 167, Disperse Orange 30, Disperse Blue 79) in polyester fibers under different dying conditions of supercritical CO2 fluid dyeing was investigated using confocal Raman microscopy. Based on the Raman spectra of the dyes, fibers before and after dyeing and the Raman characteristic peaks of the dyes in the dyed fibers were analyzed. The distribution of the dyes in the fibers was also studied by selecting the corresponding depth imaging map according to the characteristic peaks of the dyes. The accuracy of the data was later verified by comparing the Raman data with the exfoliated colour data. The diffusion coefficient was also evaluated. Results Firstly, the position of the main Raman peak (1 616 cm-1) of the polyester fiber and the Raman characteristic peak of disperse dyes in the fiber was obtained by comparing the Raman spectra of the samples. The depth imaging function of confocal Raman microscope was used to analyze the fibers after dyeing under different conditions, revealing that the dye in the fibers increased significantly from 5 to 30 min of dyeing. The adsorption capacity of three dyes in the fibers increased with pressure, the adsorption capacity of Disperse Red 167 and Disperse Orange 30 in the fiber increased with the increase of temperature, and the adsorption capacity of disperse Blue 79 in the fiber showed an increase and then a decrease. The dye was found to be evenly distributed in the fibers at the early stage of dyeing (dyeing time 5 min). The Raman data were compared with the stripping data to verify the validity of the Raman data, and the diffusion coefficients of the three dyes were calculated under the dyeing condition of 120 ℃ temperature and 27 MPa pressure. The results show that Raman spectroscopy is able to facilitate quantitatively analyses of dyeing polyester fibers with disperse dyes. Conclusion The diffusion of disperse dyes in polyester fibers after supercritical CO2 dyeing was studied by confocal Raman microscopy without damaging the polyester fibers. The content of Disperse Red 167 and Disperse Orange 30 in polyester fibers increased with increasing dyeing time and pressure, while the content of Disperse blue 79 increased and then decreased with increasing dyeing temperature. The diffusion process of the dye was analyzed by studying the IDyes/IFibers at different fibre depths under different dyeing conditions. It was found that in the early stages of dyeing (5 min into dyeing) the dye already showed a uniform distribution in the fibers, which was related to the dissolution of the polyester fibers in the supercritical CO2 fluid and the high diffusivity of the supercritical CO2 fluid itself. The Raman data was compared with conventional stripping data which demonstrated the accuracy of the Raman data and the suitability of Raman spectroscopy to quantify the disperse dye staining in polyester fibers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (05): 259-259.   Abstract （122）      PDF （8820KB）（115）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Machine vision-based defect detection method for sewing stitch traces CHEN Yufan, ZHENG Xiaohu, XU Xiuliang, LIU Bing Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (07): 173-180.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230708401 Abstract （118）   HTML （2）    PDF （15246KB）（68）       Knowledge map    Save Objective In order to solve the problems of slow speed, low efficiency, and high cost in conventional manual quality inspection methods for sewing thread, this study proposes a machine vision-based method for sewing thread defect detection in seams. This study aims to achieve fast, accurate, and automated identification of common defects such as cast thread, jumper thread, and broken thread in seams. This study also highlights the importance and necessity of improving product quality and production efficiency in the textile and garment industry. Method This study adopts a two-step approach for defect detection. Firstly, a low-cost array camera was adopted to capture real-time images of the sewing seam and the DeblurGAN-v2 method was employed to remove motion blurriness from the images, aiming at improving image clarity. Secondly, the student-teacher feature pyramid matching method was applied for anomaly detection, which transfers the knowledge from a pre-trained ResNet-34 model as the teacher network to a student network with the same architecture, so as to learn the distribution of normal images. By comparing the differences between the feature pyramids generated by the two networks as a scoring method, the defect detection system made decisions on whether the image has anomalies, and marked the abnormal areas with a heat distribution map. Results The defects of flat stitch fabric and overstitch fabric were tested and the performance of the proposed method was evaluated in terms of recall and accuracy rates. The results show that the proposed method can effectively detect various sewing thread defects and has high recall and accuracy rates for different types of defects. This study also provided some examples of defect detection results and scores for different types of defects. Conclusion The feature pyramid matching technique is applied in the field of stitch trace detection. By adding the difficult sample mining technology, the average detection accuracy is increased to more than 95%, and the detection speed of a single image is less than 0.04 s. Aiming at image motion blur ring caused by jitter and fast movement. The DeblurGAN-v2 framework is used as the framework of deblurring algorithm, and the blueprint convolution is added to change the backbone network, and the processing speed of a single image is kept below 0.06 s. The model has excellent interference resistance and high processing speed, and can meet the requirement of stitch trace recognition. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation and antibacterial performances of silver-copper bimetallic nanoparticles/polylactic acid composite nanofiber membranes RONG Chengbao, SUN Hui, YU Bin Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (01): 48-55.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220906401 Abstract （118）   HTML （13）    PDF （5776KB）（73）       Knowledge map    Save Objective In the past few decades, the increase of bacterial antibiotic resistance worldwide has posed a serious threat to public health. The research aims to develop green, safe and durable polylactic acid(PLA)antibacterial textiles to protect wounds from the influence of drug-resistant bacteria. In order to develop a green, safe and durable antibacterial textile, PLA were blended with silver-copper bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag-Cu NPs) to prepare Ag-Cu NPs /PLA composite nanofiber membranes with different composition. Method Silver and copper nitrates first were reduced using ascorbic acid by green synthetic method to obtain Ag-Cu NPs. Then, Ag-Cu NPs were blended with PLA spinning dope to prepare Ag-Cu NPs /PLA composite nanofiber membranes with different compositions by electrostatic spinning. The morphologies, structures, hydrophilicities and antibacterial properties of Ag-Cu NPs/PLA composite nanofiber composites were characterized and analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Flourier transform infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle testing and antibacterial testing. Results Ag-Cu NPs presented an irregular spherical shape with a particle size of about 32 nm. PLA electrospun nanofibers had a uniform diameter and a large number of tiny pores appeared on the fiber surface. Compared with PLA nanofibers, the average fiber diameter of Ag-Cu NPs/PLA composite nanofiber membrane decreased, and the average fiber diameter increased with the increase of Ag-Cu NPs concentration. Ag and Cu elements appeared on the surface of the composite nano-electrospinning membranes and uniformly distributed along the fiber diameter direction, indicating that Ag-Cu NPs were encapsulated by PLA matrix. Compared with PLA, the XRD diffraction peaks belonging to Ag and Cu appeared in the XRD patterns of Ag-Cu NPs/PLA composite nano-electrospinning membranes. The FT-IR spectrum of PLA electrospun nanofiber membrane showed the typical characteristic peaks of PLA. The infrared spectra of Ag-Cu NPs/PLA composite nanofiber membranes were similar to the pure PLA electrospun nanofiber membrane, indicating that there exists only physical interaction between Ag-Cu NPs and PLA matrix. The pure PLA electrospun nanofiber membrane with a water contact angle (WCA) value of about 135° displayed the poor hydrophilicity. The WCA value of Ag-Cu NPs/PLA composite nanofiber membranes slightly decreased compared with pure PLA electrospun nanofiber membrane, meaning the hydrophilicity of the composite nanofiber membranes increased. Pure PLA electrospun nanofiber membrane showed very limited antibacterial ability against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial efficiencies of the Ag-Cu NPs /PLA composite nanofiber membranes against these two bacteria were significantly increased with the increasing of Ag-Cu NPs concentration. When the dosage of Ag-Cu NPs was 7%, the composite nano-electrospinning membrane showed high antibacterial activity, and the antibacterial efficiencies for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reached 99%. Conclusion Ag-Cu NPs/PLA composite nanofiber membranes had excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. When the Ag-Cu NPs dosage was 7%, the antibacterial efficiencies of Ag-Cu NPs /PLA composite nanofiber membrane against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus could reach 99%. It is expected that our studies may provide some theoretical reference for the application of PLA nanofiber membrane on the biomedical field. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Quantitative relationship between fabric elasticity and shock absorption performance of sports bras SHENG Xinyang, CHEN Xiaona, LU Yaya, LI Yanmei, SUN Guangwu Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (01): 161-167.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221102701 Abstract （116）   HTML （13）    PDF （5917KB）（61）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Anti-shock performance of sports bras is closely related to the tensile properties of fabrics adopted to produce the sports bras, but seldom research was published on the qualitative and quantitative relationship between the two aspects. The aim of this study is to explore the quantitative relationship between the tensile properties of cup fabrics and the shock-absorbing performance of sports bras, and to provide data support for the optimization design of sports bras in the future. The study also aims to investigate the fabric stretching condition of sports bra during exercise. Method Three coordinates of seven markers representing the trunk and breast movement were recorded with no bra and with six sports bras used. A dynamic mannequin with 75C-cup breasts was adopted to simulate the vertical breast movement at the running speed of 10 km/h. Six sports bras were produced with exactly the same structure, and the same materials except for the cup materials which were with different elasticity modulus in vertical direction. The quantitative relationship between elasticity modulus of cup materials and vertical breast displacement relative to trunk was fitted by ten curve-fit models. The static and dynamic stretch of cup materials were measured and calculated. Results The mean maximum dynamic stretch of the six cup fabrics was (53.44±2.75) mm (rangeing from 50.63-58.55 mm). The mean maximum dynamic elongation of the six cup materials was 30.02% (ranging from 19.52% to 42.80%), implying that it is reasonable to select the elasticity modulus of 30% elongation as the index of cup fabrics. The vertical breast displacement under the no-bra condition was 21.84 mm, and the vertical breast displacement under the six bra conditions ranges from 9.69 mm to 19.76 mm. Pearson test result shows significant negative correlation (r=-0.886, P=0.019<0.05) between the elasticity modulus of cup materials and vertical breast displacement relative to trunk. Using vertical breast displacement under no-bra condition as the reference, less vertical breast displacement represents better shock absorption performance of a sports bra. The findings indicate that greater elastic modulus of cup fabrics induces better shock absorption performance of the bra, which may be resulted from greater stiffness of bra-breast unity relating to greater pressure at the interface of cup and breast exerted by cup fabrics. It was noted that the negative correlation between elastic modulus of cup fabrics and vertical breast displacement was nonlinear, and the vertical breast displacement decreased less as the elasticity modulus of cup materials increases. Eight of the ten curve fit models were screened by the significance of regression equations (P<0.05). The fitting degree (R2=0.891) of power function model was higher than that of other seven curve fit models, suggesting that power function can be adopted to predict the shock absorption performance of sports bras through the elasticity of cup materials. The quantitative relationship between the elasticity modulus of cup materials and vertical breast displacement can be expressed by the fitting equation lnB=-0.248lnE+ln64.289, where E represents the elasticity property modulus of cup fabrics and B represents vertical breast displacement of sports bra. The findings of this study also implied that it is feasible to employ the dynamic mannequin to evaluate performance and factors of the sports bras. Conclusion The research showed that that 30% is a reasonable elongation to calculate the cup elasticity modulus when exploring the relationship between cup fabric and the performance of sports bra for women with 75C breasts when running at 10 km/h. The support performance of sports bras increases significantly as the elasticity modulus of cup fabrics increases. Power function can be adopted to predict the support performance of sports bras through cup elasticity modulus. For future research, the impacting mechanism of cup elastic properties on breast movement reduction should be explored by measuring the pressure exerted on the cup-breast interface and the stiffness of breast-cup unity. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Processing of wool yarn/polyamide filament covered yarns and their properties and applications JIA Bingfan, AO Limin, TANG Wen, ZHENG Yuansheng, SHANG Shanshan Journal of Textile Research    2023, 44 (12): 58-66.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220504601 Abstract （116）   HTML （14）    PDF （7216KB）（65）       Knowledge map    Save Objective There are some performance defects in wool yarn itself, such as low breaking strength and excessive yarn hairiness, which affect its processability and fabric wearability, for example, low strength makes it unable to withstand larger weaving tension, and excessive hairiness leads to yarn entanglement during weaving and fabric pilling. This article explores the feasibility of using filament yarn to wrap wool yarn by hollow spindle covering to improve its processability and fabric wearability, as well as the impact of the main wrapping process on the technical effect, aiming at providing reference for the development of covered wool yarn and its fabric products. Method Four twist levels of single-covered and cross-wrapped double-covered composite yarns were applied to the yarns using the hollow spindle covering machine, where 26.3 tex black wool worsted yarn was used as the core yarn, and 44.4 dtex(34 f) polyamide white Fully-Drawn-Yarn(FDY)filament yarn was used as the outer wrapping yarn. The structure of the two types of composite yarns were observed by magnification, the tensile properties, hairiness, evenness and yarn defects were tested according to corresponding standards and comparatively analyzed, and the application of wool yarn covering processing was discussed. Results The spinning principle of single-covered and double-covered yarn were shown (Fig. 1), and the structure models of the two types of covered yarn were given correspondingly (Fig. 2), as well as the partial enlarged views of the two types of composite yarns(Fig. 3), so as to observe and compare their composite structures. The package appearance (Fig. 4) and the photos of the yarn card (Fig. 5) of the two types of composite yarns were presented respectively to show the appearance characteristics. A partial enlarged picture of 750 twists/m single covered yarn was provided (Fig. 6) for presenting the obvious twist irregularity of single covered composite yarn. In order to compare and analyze the influence of covering processing and its parameters on the tensile performance of the wool yarns, the total tensile fracture curves of 50 times of polyamide wrapped yarn(Fig. 7(a)), wool core yarn (Fig. 7(b)), four twist levels were applied to the single-wrapped composite yarn (Fig. 8) and the typical double-wrapped composite yarn (Fig. 9), and the tensile strength of all raw yarns, single-covered yarns and double-covered yarns were listed (Tab. 1), including breaking strengths/tenacities and their CV value, break elongations and their CV value, and the failure of the core and cover yarns. The hairiness test results of the wool yarn and two type of composite yarn were exhibited (Tab. 2), and the test results for evenness and yarn defects were provided (Tab. 3). The performance changes of composite yarn compared with the wool yarn and the influence of different twist configurations were compared and analyzed, and based on this, the industrial application and requirements of wool yarn covering processing were discussed. Conclusion The composite yarn has a mixed color appearance of the color of core yarn and outer wrapping yarn. The single-covered composite yarn has the characteristics of uneven distribution of twist, the twist on the thick place is smaller, and the twist on the thin place is larger. The breaking strength of the composite yarn is greater than that of the wool yarn, and the double-covered yarn is greater than the single-covered yarn. The elongation at break of the composite yarn is significantly higher than that of the wool yarn, and the double-covered yarn is greater than that of the single-covered yarn. The covering composite yarns can significantly reduce the hairiness of wool yarn and improve wool yarn evenness and reduce yarn defects. Taking wool yarn as the core yarn, reasonably selecting the type and specification of wrapping yarn and the covering process can improve the processability of wool yarn and change the style and performance of fabric products. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Employee efficiency prediction of garment production line based on machine learning JU Yu, WANG Zhaohui, LI Boyi, YE Qinwen Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (05): 183-192.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230601001 Abstract （116）   HTML （9）    PDF （4058KB）（46）       Knowledge map    Save Objective The significant impact of variations in employee productivity on the balance of apparel production lines has prompted the need for a solution to address the shortfall in achieving targeted productivity levels under manually scheduled operations lacking historical data analysis support. This research aims to utilize machine learning models to predict actual employee efficiency, providing management with valuable insights for goal setting and decision-making to enhance production profitability and prevent erroneous decisions to some extent. Method In order to achieve efficiency prediction, this research conducted on-site surveys at factory A, gathering 526 historical production records from 13 orders. Through feature engineering, 15 initial prediction datasets were constructed, and efficiency levels were categorized using quantile division. Subsequently, considering the production data characteristics, RandomForest regression and classification models were selected for efficiency prediction. In order to validate the predictive performance of the model, it was compared with eight other models. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient analyses were performed to investigate the impact of variables on the model predictions. Finally, recursive feature elimination was employed to optimize the model by selecting the optimal feature subset from the initial feature set for maximum predictive performance. Results Using a random split function, 20% of the prediction dataset was set aside for validation, while the remaining 80% was divided into training and testing sets for ten-fold cross-validation. R2 and RMSE were chosen as regression metrics, and F1 score was selected as the classification metric. The RandomForest regression model demonstrated the optimal predictive performance, showing the smallest range of fit and root mean square error in ten-fold cross-validation, with a fitting goodness value of 0.826 and an RMSE value of 0.126. In the classification task, the random forest model exhibited higher predictive performance compared to most models, with a balanced F1 score of 0.809 in the validation set, slightly lower than the gradient boosting classification model. Prior to model optimization, correlation coefficient and feature importance analyses revealed the crucial role of the auxiliary variable "annual efficiency" in predictions. Based on variable analysis, recursive feature elimination was employed to select the optimal feature parameter set for both the RandomForest regression and classification models. In the regression task, the RandomForest model achieved the optimal parameter combination with eight features, yielding a validation set R2 value of 0.836. In the classification task, the growth curve of the random forest model's predictive performance was relatively gradual, using nine features to form the optimal parameter combination, resulting in a validation F1 score of 0.823. In the optimization results, setting the threshold for the difference between RandomForestRegressor predictions and actual results to 30% identified only three outliers, accounting for 3.16% of the data. For the RandomForestClassifier model, the classification results indicated a very low recall rate for sample 3, contributing to the relatively lower F1 score. Conclusion Through comparative experiments on predictive performance, the RandomForest model was selected as the optimal optimization model. Recursive feature elimination was chosen for model optimization based on the analysis of variable impacts on efficiency prediction. The results demonstrate that machine learning can accurately predict employee efficiency. Due to limitations imposed by the experimental factory, parameter collection was restricted. Future efficiency prediction research could consider adding more feature parameters to enhance model generalization. Additionally, considering the influence of time series, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) could be employed for modeling production efficiency prediction. In the future, we will continue to optimize this predictive model and apply it to the scheduling and arrangement of actual apparel assembly line workers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review on self-powered triboelectric textiles for wearable electronics WANG Ning, GONG Wei, WANG Hongzhi Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (04): 41-49.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20231000902 Abstract （115）   HTML （22）    PDF （6446KB）（69）       Knowledge map    Save Significance Numerous energy conversion methods have evolved one after another to address the issue of energy supply for wearable electronic items as public demand for smart wear grows. Power plants' conventional energy delivery method is unsuitable for the development of functional electronics connected to wearable technology. The shortcomings in capacitance, safety risks, environmental risks, and inconvenience make rechargeable energy storage battery systems unsuitable for use in wearable electronics. Triboelectric textiles excel in low-frequency mechanical energy harvesting and self-driven sensors, making them a leader in the field of energy fabrics. Progress Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) based on contact electrification and electrostatic induction effects have proliferated since researchers introduced an energy transfer technique that transforms kinetic energy into electrical energy. Multiple preparation procedures for triboelectric fabrics have been increasingly refined as a result of extensive research and development on the functionality and application of TENG. Triboelectric textiles are categorized into two primary types based on variations in their macroscopic morphology: fiber structure and fabric structure. Triboelectric fiber is the fundamental building block of triboelectric textiles, as well as the cornerstone of scientific research and industrial transformation of triboelectric textiles. Triboelectric fibers fall into three types: yarn-based TENG, fabric-based TENG, and nonwoven-based TENG. Tribostatic charges in yarn based TENGs can be produced by contact electrification of a single fiber alone, without the need for external media. The fabric based TENG is easy to integrate with conventional clothes because of its broad variety of material alternatives and relatively basic construction. More atomic-level contact area is available for triboelectric electrification in nonwoven-based TENGs due to their greater specific surface area. Conclusion and Prospect There is still a long way to go before triboelectric textiles are used in commercial settings, despite tremendous advancements in theoretical research and practical demonstrations. The physical mechanism of contact electrification was addressed based on the theoretical basis of triboelectric technology to increase the energy conversion efficiency and comfortable and natural wearing feeling of triboelectric fabrics. The development in yarn-based TENGs, fabric-based TENGs, and nonwoven-based TENGs is outlined from the perspectives of materials, structures, operating modes, and functionality. Triboelectric fiber applications in flexible sensing, electronic skin, intelligent robots, and interactive devices are also discussed. The current obstacles and future potential for triboelectric textiles are highlighted to provide some theoretical reference for the high-value combination of triboelectric technology and the traditional textile sector. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Design of variable porosity structure and evaluation of permeablity and moisture conductivity of single side weft knitted fabric FANG Xueming, DONG Zhijia, CONG Honglian, DING Yuqin Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (05): 51-59.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221202501 Abstract （114）   HTML （14）    PDF （4666KB）（49）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Human body is prone to perspiration, and requirements for thermal and wet comfort of clothing are essential. Permeability and moisture conductivity of fabrics are important influencing factors for heat and humidity management and regulation, and the transmission of fabric to air and implicit sweat is largely affected by its pore structure, including pore size and pore distribution. Method Weft knitted lace plated structures made from different yarn counts were prepared which formed a differential capillary effect inside the fabric to improve fabric moisture absorption and transmission. The lace plated structures used for making the fabrics endowed the fabric surface with different concave/convex patterns, aiming for improved wicking effect. 9.3 tex (384 f), 5.6 tex (24 f), 5.6 tex (216 f), 3.3 tex (12 f) polyester and 2.2 tex spandex were selected as raw materials, and the German Terrot S 296-2 single side circular weft knitting machine was used, and 9 types of fabrics were prepared with weft knitting lace plated structure as samples. The effects of fabric pores, raw materials and structure on fabric moisture absorption, moisture transmission and moisture dissipation were evaluated. Results The air permeability of the fabrics was found to be positively correlated with the bulk density, surface porosity and average pore diameter. Since most of the air flew through the fabric pores, the size and distribution of fabric pores were adopted to determine the fabric permeability. The bulk density and average pore diameter showed a great influence on the moisture absorption and conductivity of the fabric. The bulk density and average pore diameter were positively correlated with the moisture conductivity as a whole according to specific conditions. With the same raw materials and organizational structure, the size and distribution of pores were found to affect the tightness of the fabric. Higher bulk density and larger the average pore diameter resulted in tighter fabric structure and greater capillary pressure. The surface porosity was positively correlated with the moisture dissipation performance of the fabric. From the perspective of fabric raw materials and structure, the addition of polyurethane fiber increased the gradient of differential capillary effect of the fabric, leading to improvement of the moisture absorption and conductivity of the fabric, but not the moisture dissipation. Fabric structure will affect the moisture conductivity and moisture dissipation performance. The amount of meshes on the fabric surface was directly related to the specific surface area for fabric evaporation, and more meshes would lead to the better moisture dissipation performance. Conclusion The results show that the combination of ultrafine polyester and conventional yarn has advantage in moisture absorption and transmission. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted for analysis. Conclusion is drawn, fineness difference of yarns can enrich the gradient of differential capillary effect of fabrics, and achieve a better differential capillary effect, improving the moisture absorption and conductivity of the fabric. The 6#and 7# fabrics in process 4 have certain advantages in the comprehensive properties of permeability and moisture conductivity, which means the plated fabric with high surface porosity and without spandex, composed of loops and floating structure, has the best comprehensive performance of moisture transmission and permeability. The surface porosity with more meshes in the unit circulation tissue, leading up to the better comprehensive moisture absorption and perspiration performance. The nine schemes in this paper are easy to produce and do not need to obtain unidirectional moisture conduction through additives, which provides theoretical and experimental basis for the development of sportswear fabrics with good moisture and heat management ability, environmental protection and sustainable utilization. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on applications of machine learning in flexible strain sensors in context of material intelligence LU Yan, HONG Yan, FANG Jian Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (05): 228-238.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221105502 Abstract （113）   HTML （15）    PDF （3964KB）（53）       Knowledge map    Save Significance Because of the rapid progress and growth of smart materials and smart textiles, increasing attention hasbeen focused on the research, development, and optimization of flexible strain sensors. Flexible strain sensors for smart textiles are capable of detecting the precise motion trajectory of the human body, mechanical-acoustic characteristics, and information on various physiological indicators. With the continuous optimization of the performance of flexible strain sensors, the flexible sensor devices need to achieve the acquisition and analysis of high-dimensional and high-frequency complex superimposed signals in very complex application environments, which in turn puts forward higher requirements for data processing algorithms. The implementation of machine learning, a more advanced method, has significantly contributed to the improvement in the overall performance of the flexible strain sensing system. This paper presents a systematic review of the research progress of flexible strain sensors based on smart textiles combined with machine learning. The goal of the review is to understand and broaden the application of machine learning in the field of flexible strain sensors. Progress This paper firstly made an in-depth analysis of the fundamental structure and previous research on a variety of conventional flexible strain sensors such as piezoresistive, piezoelectric, capacitive, optical, magnetic, and triboelectric. In addition, this paper introduced the workflow of machine learning, which can be divided into the following four main steps: data preprocessing, machine learning and model training, model evaluation, and prediction of new data. According to the learning method, machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, and a mixture of the above three types. This paper then paper provided a detailed description of the information processing process of flexible strain sensors based on machine learning, as well as summarized the advantages and disadvantages of some typical machine learning algorithms for time-frequency analysis, dimensionality reduction, and classification. Furthermore, this paper analyzed the most recent research on flexible strain sensors based on smart textiles combined with machine learning in the fields of healthcare, life assistance, communication and exchange, as well as teaching and entertainment, which placed a significant amount of emphasis on the benefits that can be gained from utilizing machine learning in flexible strain sensors. In the field of healthcare, flexible strain sensing systems can continuously track various mechanical and acoustic features of the human body by combining with specific machine learning algorithms, which can help users to understand their own health status in real time, and thus achieve the purpose of health monitoring. Secondly, in the field of life assistance, the large amount of information provided by the machine learning-based strain sensing system can help in the design of bionic hearing, touch, and prosthetic manipulator, which can greatly improve the convenience of life for the disabled and the blind. Moreover, free-life monitoring by flexible strain sensing systems has the potential advantage of accurately detecting and measuring clinically relevant features, including fall risk and abnormal gait, so that abnormal movement symptoms of the elderly can be detected in a timely manner, which can ensure the safety of the elderly's life to a considerable extent. In the field of communication and exchange, the application of flexible strain sensors based on machine learning can improve the recognition performance of various features, such as sign language recognition, micro-expression detection, and perceptual interaction, thus facilitating human-to-human communication. In addition, the strain sensing system combined with specific machine learning algorithms enriches the application of smart textiles in teaching and entertainment scenarios, which improves the teaching efficiency and enhances the fun of teaching at the same time, and the application in gaming and entertainment greatly enriches people's lives. Conclusion and Prospect Flexible strain sensors have excellent characteristics, such as high sensitivity, high resolution, and good elasticity. With the help of new sensor structures, new sensitive materials, and cutting-edge machine learning algorithms, smart textiles have been of great value in a variety of different fields. However, in the context of material intelligence, the research on flexible strain sensors based on smart textiles is still in its infancy and still faces many challenges, such as the fact that researchers have carried out little research on the optimal design of flexible strain sensor arrays, that it is difficult to simulate real human touch with flexible strain sensors designed according to existing technologies, and that the process of human pose recognition with flexible strain sensor systems can easily cause confusion in the recognition system. In a word, there is no doubt that machine learning has evolved into a valuable tool in the realm of smart wearables. It is believed that in the near future, with the continuous development of computer science and computing methods, machine learning will play a huge application value in various aspects such as the research and development of smart textile materials, process improvement, device performance evaluation, signal transmission, data processing, etc., and will further promote the intelligent development of the whole material field. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress in three-dimensional garment virtual display technology CHENG Bilian, JIANG Gaoming, LI Bingxian Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (05): 248-257.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221106202 Abstract （113）   HTML （9）    PDF （7975KB）（69）       Knowledge map    Save Significance The virtual display tehnology of three-dimensional (3-D) clothing is utilized to simulate the clothing state and deformation phenomenon of different human bodies in different postures and various activities. It moves away from the conventional real-life fitting method and can display clothing statically or dynamically in a virtual environment. The wide application of 3-D garment virtual display in textile and garment CAD software can produce the simulation effect of flexible fabric more real, and help designers realize the design and development of visual textiles. The virtual display technology of 3-D clothing is applied to the online game and animation industry, which enables the clothing effect of virtual characters closer to reality. Under the environment of the rapid development of clothing e-commerce, the application of 3-D clothing virtual display technology in the field of clothing e-commerce will help users quickly choose the right model of clothing. This technology can significantly affect the effect of consumer purchase wishes and reduce the amount of returns, so as to improve the business efficiency and promote the commercial development of the clothing industry. Progress 3-D virtual clothing display involves the integration of technology in many disciplines, committed to produce realistic and dynamic display. By systematically introducing the 3-D human modeling technology, the development status of parametric human modeling and non-parametric human modeling is analyzed to provide a basis for the development of 3-D human modeling. The research process of clothing modeling is described in detail from three methods of geometric modeling, physical modeling and hybrid modeling in clothing modeling. The research and exploration of scholars at home and abroad for many years are analyzed, and the development process of 3-D virtual display technology from single static simulation to dynamic simulation with physical attributes is summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing achievements of clothing simulation technology and clothing animation simulation technology are summarized. For any new human motion, a reliable deformation distribution prediction can be given to effectively adjust the fabric mesh. The prediction results of the multi-precision cloth model have high reliability and can be used for further dynamic adaptation of cloth mesh in animation. Conclusion and Prospect 3-D human body and clothing modeling are widely used in the fields of textile and garment CAD software, personalized entertainment, animation design and e-commerce. However, there are still some shortcomings such as high computational cost and insufficient simulation accuracy. Therefore, it is urgent to further develop 3-D human body modeling and virtual clothing simulation. Studying the 3-D virtual display of clothing will have deep theoretical value and practical application significance. This paper analyzes the parametric method of human body modeling and non-parametric method of human body modeling development present situation, elaborated the clothing modeling in the geometric modeling method, physical modeling method and hybrid modeling method of the research process, the development of 3-D virtual display technology has been developed from a single static simulation to the dynamic simulation of physical properties, static 3-D dressing model has the advantages of high simulation accuracy and good stability, dynamic clothing animation simulation can vividly show the overall effect of clothing on the human body, but it needs huge computational cost and memory reserves, simulation accuracy needs to be improved. Therefore, the modeling technology, interactive technology, machine learning and other related technologies involved in clothing dress simulation and clothing animation simulation still have great room for improvement and research value, which is worthy of further exploration and exploration. There are three main research trends and difficulties in the future research of 3-D virtual display technology: a) research on fast, low-cost and accurate 3-D human model reconstruction method, including 3-D posture and human geometry model; b) 3-D dress simulation, that is, quickly and stably try on clothing to different body shapes and postures; c) realistic dynamic try-on effects, including fast, low-cost human motion capture and efficient clothing animation simulation technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress of nanofiber structure prepared by electrospinning LIU Sitong, JIN Dan, SUN Dongming, LI Yixuan, WANG Yanhui, WANG Jing, WANG Yuan Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (06): 201-209.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230103602 Abstract （113）   HTML （13）    PDF （12850KB）（44）       Knowledge map    Save Significance With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the application of nanofiber materials in the fields of energy storage, catalytic filtration, biomedicine, food engineering and sensors has always attracted the attention of researchers because of its good continuity, high specific surface area and large aspect ratio. However, an effective preparation method has always constrained the development of nanofibers. Electrospinning technology, as the only method that can directly and continuously prepare nanofibers, has had a profound impact in the field of nanofiber material preparation since its birth and patent application in 1934, because of its simple device, convenient operation, low cost and other advantages. Electrospinning technology is a technology that uses polymer as a template to prepare ultrafine fibers with adjustable structure and diameters ranging from nanometer to micrometer under the combined action of high voltage electric field and Taylor cone. Because the nanofibers prepared by this technology have the advantages of large specific surface area, easy structure control and easy functionalization, it has wide application potential in the field of nano-functional materials. Progress In recent years, the research work of electrospinning technology has mainly focused on the process optimization, mechanism discussion, functional modification and structural multi-level of nanofibers. With the rapid development of electrospinning technology, the spinning liquid system that can be spun has gradually expanded from polymer to biological macromolecules, inorganic substances and organic/inorganic composites. According to different fiber structures, spinning liquid system and spinning mechanisms, the electrospinning technology has been developed from the classical electrospinning to the coaxial electrospinning, parallel electrospinning, conjugated electrospinning, off-axisl electrospinning, and single-axis electrospinning by improving the spinning device, adjusting the spinning parameters and combining the post-processing methods. With the continuous improvement of spinning efficiency, nanofibers have gradually developed from simple smooth filaments to diversified morphology and multi-level structure, and the application field has also developed from single function to multi-function and multi-function coordination. With the deepening of research at home and abroad, the remarkable achievements of electrospinning technology in the preparation of various structured nanofibers provide a feasible technical reference for the control of oriented nanofiber structure. Therefore, at present, achieving the designability of nanofiber structure and exploring the application field of nanofiber materials are one of the key directions for researchers to develop electrospinning technology at this stage. Conclusion and Prospect In order to further study the electrospinning technology and the structure design of nanofibers, realize the directional structure control of nanofibers, and effectively improve the specific surface area, mechanical properties and morphology uniformity and order of nanofibers. This paper summarizes the structural characteristics, preparation methods and electrospinning mechanism of different nanofibers based on solid nanofibers, porous nanofibers, hollow nanofibers, nanocables and Janus nanofibers, compares the research progress and achievements of electrospinning technology in the preparation methods, formation mechanisms and structure control of different nanofibers, and it further shows that electrospinning technology has broad application potential in realizing nanoscale oriented structure control of nanomaterials. At present, electrospinning technology is one of the most promising preparation methods for preparing nanofibers, although there are many problems to be solved, such as the inability to produce on a large scale, the existence of barriers to the lower limit of fiber diameter, the poor mechanical properties of fibers, and the difficulty in solvent recovery, with the continuous deepening of theoretical research on electrospinning technology and the continuous emergence of novel fiber structures, electrospinning technology is bound to have a broader development space in the preparation of controllable nanofiber structures, and will also promote the development of nanomaterials to functional multi-domain, structural diversification and environment-friendly. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress in microcapsules of phase change materials LIU Wenjing, ZHANG Xinrui, ZHAO Xiaoman, HONG Jianhan, WANG Hongbo, HAN Xiao Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (09): 235-243.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20230800502 Abstract （113）   HTML （15）    PDF （3647KB）（51）       Knowledge map    Save Significance Influenced by global energy crisis in the 1970s, improvement of energy efficiency and identification of alternative sustainable energy have become an urgent need of the moprden society. Along with this, the research and application of microcapsules of phase change materials (PCMs) have attracted much attention. Microcapsules of PCMs are a type of core-shell structured micro/nano smart materials. The core materials are the phase change materials and the shell materials are organic or inorganic substances. Encapsulation technology for phase change materials can facilitate the maintenance of shape in solid-liquid PCMs and can overcome phase segregation and low thermal conductivity. It effectively overcomes defects such as volume changes, leakage, and supercooling that occur during solid-liquid phase transitions of phase change materials. As a result, it significantly reduces the "phase separation" phenomenon and improves the stability of phase change materials. Owing to their unique advantages in energy storage and temperature regulation, microcapsules of PCMs have been widely applied in various fields such as textiles, medical care, architecture and solar energy. Therefore, the exploration of their preparation techniques and applications presents important scientific significance and research value. Progress The clarification of the commonly used core and shell materials, the preparation technologies of microcapsules of PCMs and their applications were comprehensively reviewed. The microcapsules of PCMs consist of a core material, which is the phase change material itself, encapsulated within the microcapsule, a shell material used to protect the core material from leakage. The shell material should possess certain mechanical strength, compactness, and should not react chemically with the core materials. The preparation techniques for PCM microcapsules mainly include physical methods, chemical methods, and physicochemical methods. Physical methods are those in which the encapsulation of PCMs uses only physical processes such as drying and bonding, where the materials forming the shell do not undergo any chemical reactions with the core materials. The obtained microcapsules of PCMs exhibit good stability and controllability, and are suitable for micro-scale systems. For the chemical methods, the shell of microcapsules is synthesized through polymerization or condensation reactions between monomers, oligomers, or pre-polymers at the oil-water interface. Microcapsules of PCMs prepared by chemical methods have excellent performance and small particle sizes and simple operation. Physicochemical methods are a technique that combines physical methods such as heating and cooling with chemical methods such as hydrolysis, crosslinking and polycondensation. Microcapsules of PCMs with different characteristics and functions such as enhanced stability, small particle size and improved controllability can be prepared by adopting different preparation methods. Therefore, PCMs are widely used in textiles, medical care, architecture, solar energy, and other fields. Conclusion and Prospect PCM Microcapsules have broad applications. There are still some challenges and problems in practical production. Firstly, the high cost of phase change materials limits their widespread applications due to the expensive production process. Secondly, the material loss is quite high in the preparation of PCM microcapsules. In order to the above problems, the preparation process of microcapsules of PCMs can be improved or replaced by a more economical and efficient production mode. Meanwhile, how to improve the coating rate of microcapsules and increase the response speed are also the current research and development directions of PCM microcapsules. Finally, it is conducive to the promotion of development of the microcapsules of PCMs to green and multi-functional directions by combining the properties of heat storage and temperature regulation with the environmentally friendly multi-functional materials. It can also contribute to the reduction of energy consumption and the enhancement of energy utilization efficiency, which would benefit human beings and the environment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation and performance of electrospun sodium alginate composite nanofiber membranes QIAN Yang, ZHANG Lu, LI Chenyang, WANG Rongwu Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (08): 18-25.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240400101 Abstract （110）   HTML （20）    PDF （6205KB）（79）       Knowledge map    Save Objective This study aimed to harness the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and anti-adhesion properties of sodium alginate (SA) for potential use in wound dressings. Utilizing environmentally friendly deionized water as a solvent, a composite nanofiber membrane of SA, polyethylene oxide (PEO), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was fabricated through a modified small linear trough electrospinning device. The research focused on optimizing the solution's conductivity, fiber morphology, and diameter distribution of the spinning solution to enhance the spinnability of the SA solution and improve the functional properties of the final membrane. Method The optimal solution mixture was determined through the analysis of solution conductivity, fiber morphology, and diameter distribution. The prepared nanofiber membranes were crosslinked by 3.0% anhydrous ethanol solution of calcium chloride (CaCl2) for varying durations (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 h). After post-treatment, the samples were systematically analyzed for microscopic morphology, chemical structure, swelling behavior, and structural stability to evaluate the effects of cross-linking on membrane properties. Results With a mass ratio of 1∶ 4 between SA and PEO, 4% total solute mass fraction, and PVP constituting 10% of the total solute mass, the SA/PEO/PVP composite nanofiber membranes exhibited uniform morphology with fibers averaging 240 nm in diameter and forming a three-dimensional interwoven network. This network structure was crucial for achieving significant mechanical strength and durability. Cross-linking for 24 h resulted in enhanced water resistance and structural stability, with a swelling ratio of 1 050.80% and a mass loss rate of 40.63%, indicating superior physical properties. Conclusion The study successfully developed SA/PEO/PVP composite nanofiber membranes with excellent morphology and enhanced performance after CaCl2 cross-linking. The introduction of PEO and PVP not only improved the spinnability of SA but also contributed to the compatibility within the composite, underscoring the potential of these membranes as substrates for wound healing applications. This research emphasizes the innovation of using deionized water as a solvent in a non-toxic spinning process, addressing environmental concerns related to organic solvents. This provides strong evidence for promoting wound healing in accordance with the principles of moist wound healing and offers new insights and directions for the development of advanced wound care solutions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation of composite fiber membranes with asymmetric wettability and oil-water separation performance YANG Shuo, ZHAO Pengju, CHENG Chunzu, LI Chenyang, CHENG Bowen Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (08): 10-17.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240403501 Abstract （110）   HTML （27）    PDF （9909KB）（71）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Emulsified oil is known to be difficult to separate due to the close combination of water and oil, and Janus composite membrane with multiple wettability is studied aiming to effectively separate the emulsified oil. In this study, the Janus structure is constructed by two layers of fiber membranes with different wettability, and the difference of micro-nanometer size is used to solve the problem of high separation efficiency and low flux of composite membranes, so as to prepare composite membranes with both high separation efficiency and high flux. Method Janus composite membranes with micro- and nano-structures were prepared from cellulose nanofiber membranes as hydrophilic layer and polypropylene meltblown nonwovens as hydrophobic layer by hot pressing method. The prepared cellulose-polypropylene composite nanofiber membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscope, capillary flow pore size analyzer and contact angle tester. The composite membranes were also tested for pore size, Laplace force, separation performance, repeatability and generalizability. Results The cellulose nanofiber membrane prepared by electrostatic spinning technology using cellulose as raw material. The results showed that when the spinning voltage was 25 kV, the spinning rate was 5 mL/h and the spinning time was 16 h, the cellulose nanofiber membranes showed the best performance, with an average pore size of 5.029 μm and a thickness of 0.281 mm. The cellulose nanofiber membrane showed amphiphilicity in air, oleophobicity under water, and hydrophilicity under oil, which can be used as a hydrophilic material for Janus structure. Polypropylene meltblown nonwovens exhibits hydrophobicity and lipophilicity in air, hydrophobicity under oil, and lipophilicity under water, and can be used as a hydrophobic material for Janus structure. The Janus membrane was then prepared by laminating cellulose nanofiber membrane and polypropylene meltblown nonwovens in combination with hot pressing process. The areal density of polypropylene meltblown nonwovens, hot pressing temperature and hot pressing pressure were found to affect the performance of the composite membrane. According to the experiments, when the grammage of polypropylene meltblown nonwovens was 30 g/m2, the hot pressing temperature was 130 ℃, and the hot pressing pressure was 30 N, the separation efficiency and flux of the composite membrane are the most balanced, with 98.8% and 9 789.9 L/(m2·h), respectively. The composite membrane demonstrated excellent reuse performance, and after 10 cyclic use, its separation efficiency still maintained at 98%, and the flux 9 444.5 L/(m2·h). The composite membrane showed significant separation effect on these oils to be mentioned, for which the separation efficiency was more than 98%, and the flux was more than 9 000 L/(m2·h). Conclusion In this study, Janus composite membranes with cellulose nanofiber membrane as hydrophilic layer and polypropylene meltblown nonwovens as hydrophobic layer were prepared. The composite membranes prepared under optimum process conditions achieved the best separation efficiency and flux of 98.8% and 9 798.8 L/(m2·h), respectively. The composite membranes had excellent reusability, and the separation efficiency could still maintain 98% and the flux reached 9 444.5 L/(m2·h) after 10 cyclic use. The composite membranes had significant separation effects on all five common emulsified oils. This idea achieves a balance between separation efficiency and flux, and has theoretical value and practical significance for the development of emulsified oil separation membranes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Structure classification of weft-knitted fabric based on lightweight convolutional neural network HU Xudong, TANG Wei, ZENG Zhifa, RU Xin, PENG Laihu, LI Jianqiang, WANG Boping Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (05): 60-69.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20220902201 Abstract （110）   HTML （22）    PDF （12677KB）（78）       Knowledge map    Save Objective The structure of the fabric is one of the important parameters to guide the production of fabric. The automatic identification of the fabric structure through machine vision helps to improve the design and production efficiency. Weft knitted fabrics have complex knitting methods and various structures, and it is difficult to accurately determine the structure of the fabric only by the image of one side of the fabric. Therefore, it is necessary to design an efficient and accurate classification method for the special structure of weft knitted fabrics. Method A fabric image acquisition platform was built to capture images of both sides of fabric samples at multi-scale and various lighting conditions. A dataset containing images of weft knitted fabrics in nine categories was produced. The method in this paper was improved based on GhostNet which is a lightweight convolutional neural network. In order to improve the network's ability to learn different features, two strategies were adopted to introduce an attention mechanism in the feature extraction stage. The network structure was adjusted to a dual-branch architecture, so that the features of the double-sided image of knitted fabrics were simultaneously extracted through the weight-sharing sub-network, and the extracted high-dimensional feature maps were serially fused. Results The experimental part analyzes the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method. Multiple online augmentation methods increase the diversity of fabric sample data and improve the robustness of the model. Compared with the original data set, the model has higher accuracy rate on the validation set. Adding a dropout layer after the fully connected layer improves the generalization performance of the model. When the dropout rate is 0.4, the model has the best performance. For the fabric categories that are difficult to distinguish based on single-sided images, the proposed method has achieved a classification accuracy of more than 99%. In order to observe the feature extraction effect of the model more intuitively, the feature maps of different levels of the fabric image are visualized. The model pays more attention to important features such as the shape and texture of the fabric. Accuracy, macro precision, macro recall, and macro F1 are adopted to evaluate the performance of the model, and the number of parameters and computational complexity are calculated to measure the resource consumption of the model. The results of the ablation experiments show that the incorporation of the CBAM module effectively improves the performance of the model. Different models and methods are compared under the same hyper parameter settings. First, common CNN models are tested on the dataset constructed in this paper. The prosposed method achieves the highest classification accuracy of 99.51%, the macro precision rate is 0.994 1, the macro recall rate is 0.994 6, and the macro F1 score is 0.994 2, with lower FLOPs (0.31 G) and params (4.62 M) compared to other models. Conclusion Aiming at the classification of weft-knitted fabrics, a double-sided image data set is used in the classification of knitted fabrics. An end-to-end classification method of knitted fabric structure was prosposed based on GhostNet, which is a lightweight convolutional neural network. The experimental results show that the CBAM module enhances the feature discrimination between different fabrics, which improves the network performance. The double-sided features of weft-knitted fabric were efficiently extracted by dual-branch network architecture. Compared with other classification methods based on CNN, the proposed method has a higher classification accuracy and consumes less resources, which is conducive to the deployment of the model on mobile devices or embedded devices. In future work, the case that a single fabric image contains multiple fabric structure will become the focus of research, which is of great significance to further improve the recognition efficiency of the algorithm in the actual design and production process of fabrics. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mediating role of emotions between pleated costume elements and semantic evaluations HAN Yanna, JIANG Yicheng, ZHENG Xia, YANG Zitian Journal of Textile Research    2024, 45 (01): 185-193.   DOI: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20221200101 Abstract （110）   HTML （11）    PDF （4489KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Chinese opera costumes play a vital role in the opera performance. To ensure the social preservation of traditional opera culture, it requires understanding how young audiences perceive and evaluate costumes emotionally and semantically. However, limited research has been done on the quantitative relationship among costume design elements, aesthetic emotions, and semantic evaluations. Therefore, using Leder's aesthetic cognitive processing model and the emotional Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) model, this study investigated how emotions are involved in the semantic evaluations of clothing. The Xiaosheng pleated garment of Yue Opera served as the specific research object. Method Using two types of materials, pure polyester and pure silk, with 15 colors (top five colors, bottom five colors, middle five colors) and 4 patterns (no pattern, flower decorated border, flower broken in branch, flower medallion) for combination design, 120 pictures were built by CLO3D 6.0. Through corpus search, group classification, and expert consultation, we screened five groups of semantic differential pairs used to describe the Xiaosheng pleated garments: low level-high level, refined-rough, fresh-gaudy, brave-gentle, and stiff-drape. University students were invited to randomly score all the samples on the liking, PAD emotions, and semantic evaluations on PsychoPy 2022.2.4, and data from 35 validated subjects was analyzed via SPSS 25 and Amos 26. Results The relevance of pleated garment design elements, emotions, and semantic evaluations was first examined. The results showed that only the material had a significant correlation with the semantic "stiff-drape". The color was strongly correlated with liking, pleasure, dominance, arousal, "low level-high level", and "refined-rough". The pattern was also significantly correlated with the last three. Moreover, pleasure had a significant correlation with all semantics except for "fresh-gaudy", while arousal was significantly correlated with "fresh-gaudy" and "brave-gentle". Finally, dominance had a significant correlation with all semantics. We further leveraged one-way ANOVA to test the effects of design elements on emotions and semantics, respectively. Material did not affect emotions, and showed significance only in semantics "stiff-drape". The arousal of flower medallion was significantly higher than that of no pattern, and those with flower medallion were voted to be more high-class. Color had a significant effect on all emotions and semantics. According to the emotional impact, the color of Xiaosheng pleated clothes can be clustered into 3 categories: the first category is high pleasure, low arousal, high dominance colors, containing Aiqing, white, light pink, light blue, and black. The second category is high pleasure, high arousal, low dominance colors, containing bright red, goose yellow, pink, and bright yellow. The third category is low pleasure, low arousal, low dominance colors, containing treasure blue, lake, old green, medium green, and purple. Finally, the study constructed the mediating model of emotions on partial design elements and semantic evaluations. The analysis shows that arousal and dominance played a mediating role in clustered color type, pattern and "low level - high level". Pleasure, arousal, and dominance mediated the "refined-rough" in the clustered color and pattern. In the clustered color and semantic judgment of "fresh-gaudy", PAD played the mediation roles. "Brave-gentle" evaluation was mediated by the pleasure and arousal of the color. In addition, the dominance of color positively predicted the semantics "stiff-drape". Conclusion The combinations of materials, colors and patterns of pleated garments have effects on both aesthetic judgments and aesthetic emotions. Pleated garments with the feeling of high-level, refined, drape, fresh, and gentle were more likely to be preferred by the youngsters, and the design of patterns was significantly associated with the semantics "low level-high level", "refined-rough", and emotional arousal. The study also found that color can significantly affect aesthetic emotions. Based on the PAD emotion model, the traditional opera costume color scheme was reclassified into three major categories: high pleasure, high arousal, and low dominance; high pleasure, low arousal, and high dominance; and low pleasure, low arousal, and low dominance. It was also explored that emotions played an important mediating role in the pleated garment design elements and semantic evaluations. Therefore, this study provides an empirical reference for the aesthetic process of opera costumes and their innovative design. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）