Table of Content

15 February 2013, Volume 34 Issue 2

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Shape of fibrous materials: its significant effects and findings

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  1-12. 

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Shape should be the essential characteristics of fibrous materials, because it covers three factors that decide the nature of fibrous materials: dimension, apparent morphology and structure. It is one of essential properties of materials, as important as quality. In the past, researchers paid attention to the question of shape consciously and unconsciously in this field, but they were more concerned with substance composition which belongs to the question of quality property. Researchers seem not sensitive to or afraid of dimension, while to apparent morphology and intrinsic structure stay using traditional methods and results or drawing lessons from the other discipline’s methods. In this article, the studies and applications of the attribute of shape, i.e. fiber structure, morphology and dimension, were reviewed briefly. And based on the review, the exploration of the “shape” of fibrous materials by TMT team (Textile Materials and Technology Lab.) was shown, mainly concentrated in the studies and results of dimension, morphology, structure and their fractal dimension, so that shape, one of the essential attributes of materials, can be drawn more attention in this field.

Preparation of natural cellulose fibers from cotton-stalk and their structure and morphology

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  13-17. 

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Cotton-stalk was divided into three sections through observing cotton-stalk bark appearance and testing constituents of different cotton-stalk sections bark. One-step degumming technology was used for obtaining natural cellulose fibers from cotton-stalk. Through Orthogonal experiment and orthogonal method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method , and based on fibers fineness, tensile breaking strength, residual gum content and flexibility, natural cellulose fibers from different cotton-stalk sections were obtained. Experimental results showed that the degumming parameters of first cotton-stalk section were NaOH content 35g/l, temperature 100℃, time 2.5h, and H2O2 content 10ml/l; the degumming parameters of second cotton-stalk section were NaOH content 30g/l, temperature 100℃, time 2h, and H2O2 content 10ml/l , and the degumming parameters of third cotton-stalk section were NaOH content 30g/l, temperature 90℃, time 2.5h, and H2O2 content 8ml/l. The morphology of the fibers obtained from different cotton-stalk sections was observed using JSM-6460LV S.E.M. It was shown that the cellulose fiber was technical fiber, and the surface of the fiber was not smooth, the apparent fineness was not uniform.

Preparation and properties of new flame retardant hydrophilic polyester

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  18-22. 

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The application of Polyester fiber is restricted because of its disadvantages, mainly the low moisture regain，short of chromaticity, easy accumulation of electrostatic charge, easy pilling and easy burning. In order to improve the hydrophilicity of polyester fiber and flame retardant properties, highly hydrophilic polyester chips were prepared by using PTA,EG, the third monomer（SIPE）,the fourth monomer (PEG) and the fifth monomer（hydrophilc agent）. Flame-retardant and high hydrophilic polyester fibers were prepared by polymerization of hydrophilic sliced and flame retardant masterbatch. Its flame retardant properties and hydrophilic properties were tested. The analysis results show that contact angle were less than 65°and limit oxygen index were greater than 30%. The hydrophilicity, thermal stability and flame retardant performance of hydrophilic polyester were good.

Simulation of dry spinning of PVA soluble fiber

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  23-27. 

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A one-dimensional model of the downstream dry spinning was established. Using the corridor solvent balance equation combined with the momentum balance equation corrected by downstream drying process characteristics, the solvent content of the polyvinyl alcohol, temperature, speed, the tension distribution in spinning line were simulated to predict the influence of the spinning parameters on spinning process. The results show that the filament experiences the longer equilibrium period in wet-bulb temperature after flash evaporation. The control of the filament temperature mainly depends on the solvent content of the filament. The filament has the larger tension in spinneret at the lower spinning speed. The increase of corridor wind is not conducive to improving the spinning speed. A larger winding speed is beneficial to the formation of the fibers.

Structure and morphology optimization of PMMA/silica electrospinning composite fiber

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  28-33. 

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Silica/poly(methyl methacrylate) grafting composites (SiO2/PMMA) with different grafting/crosslinking structures and PMMA resin were used to prepare poly(methyl methacrylate)/silica (PMMA/SiO2) composite fiber via solution blending and electrospinning processes. The effects of grafting and crosslinking structure, solution solid content, silica content, spinning voltage, spinning distance, humidity and temperature on the structure and morphology of composite fiber were studied via 3D-POM, SEM, TEM. It was found that the simple-grafted silica with grafting percent of 484.4% is suitable for preparing electrospun fiber. A series of submicron PMMA/SiO2 composite fibers with regular morphology, smooth surface, adjustable fiber diameter and silica content in a wide range can be easily prepared under optimum conditions. Almost all of silica particles can be dispersed in fiber inner at a primary-particles size level, and this high dispersibility can be maintenance in a wide range of fiber diameter and silica content.

Preparation and properties of UHMWPE/PANI composite conductive fibers

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  34-39. 

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UHMWPE/PANI composite fibers were prepared by in-situ polymerization in this paper. The kinds of oxidant and the concentration of ammonium persulfate on the electrical conductivity and surface morphology of composite fibers were investigated. The chemical construction and mechanical property of composite fibers were also studied. The results indicated that the composite fibers prepared by in-situ polymerization can get a certain amount of conductive ability , and the electrical conductivity reached 10-1S/cm with ammonium persulface as oxidant. The electrical conductivity increased at the first and then decreased with the increase of concentration of ammonium persulface, the highest electrical conductivity obtained with the concentration of ammonium persulface of 30g/L. The FTIR curves indicated that the composite fiber was a blending system of matrix fiber and PANI, and the chemical construction of matrix fiber was unchanged. The fiber’s breaking strength increased a little and breaking elongation unchanged basically after conductive processing.

 Effect of pigments on spectral properties of colored luminous fiber

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  40-44. 

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The colored luminous fibers were prepared by melt spinning process adding colored pigments and long afterglow luminous material into polyamide fiber. Photoluminescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the effects of pigments on spectral properties of the colored luminous fibers. The results revealed that yellow and green pigments had significantly effect on the excitation spectra of luminous fibers, which result in the excitation spectra of yellow and green luminous fibers getting closer to visible light. The red luminous fiber emission spectrum was red-shifted, while the blue luminous fiber emission spectrum was little blue-shifted. Afterglow intensity of colored luminous fibers decreased approximately in exponential with time. The average deterioration rate of white and yellow luminous fibers brightness was larger than that of other colored luminous fibers, but their brightness maintained the highest value. The intensity of blue and red luminous fibers was much reduced because of the addition of blue and red pigments.

Largely deformable fabric sensor matuix for on-line impact measurement

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  45-50. 

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Numerical study of two-dimensional air flow in the spinning cup of rotor spinning

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  51-54. 

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Modeling and meshing the spinning cup of air-extracting type rotor spinning by using the computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT, two-dimensional numerical simulation of flow field in the rotor by finite volume method, obtained the velocity vector distribution and the X-axis direction and Y-axis direction speed of two section. The results revealed the flow characteristics in the cup, the flow speed was between 20m/s and 150m/s, the velocity distribution of the section also illustrates the movement trend of the fiber, verified the feasibility of the FLUENT software in research of the airflow in spinning cup.

Dynamic measurement of fabric wrinkle recovery angle by video sequence

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  55-60. 

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Aiming at the deficiency that the static measurement method just can measure fabric wrinkle recovery angle at some moment, this paper presents a novel method to measure the wrinkle recovery angle by video sequence. The SDL-M003 loading device is used to press a sample according to AATCC 66-2008. Then place the folded sample in the video sequence system and record a 5 min video of the recovery period. Each video frame is processed sequently by thinning algorithm and Hough transform to get the wrinkle recovery angle. The test results of the video sequence method and the AATCC 66-2008 test method are close to each other, which indicate that our new method is feasible. The obtained angles of the 5 min recovery period provide more information to determine wrinkle recovery behaviors of fabrics, as well as lay a foundation for the proposal of new wrinkle evaluation criteria.

Rapid design of regular multiple weft angle interlocking fabric

Yan BAI

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  61-64. 

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Abstract: This paper describes the characteristics of regular multiple weft angle interlocking fabric, and shows that there is a certain relationship between repetition of weave, step number and layers, and that its fabric structure is regular and can be used for technical purposes in the textile industry. According to the characteristics, this paper puts forward the basic operation of Excel spreadsheet that can be used to replace traditional hand-drawn graphics as a method of Regular multiple weft Angle interlocking fabric texture design. Namely, structural diagrams are first drawn in Excel, and then organizational diagrams are drawn according to the regularity between them. It has been proved that the new way of designing operation can reduce the workload and simplify the practice, making it fast and accurate, and it also lays the foundation for the development of the fabric texture CAD system.

Pattern creation and knitted products design based on function Z=ax^c+by^d

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  65-68. 

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Based on the elementary function , pattern could be created automatically by using VB program after the value of Z is transformed with . Many wonderful patterns could be created with inputting different values of parameter a, b, c and d, when n is 2, 3, 4 respectively. Combine the characterastics of knitting machine and knitted structures, created patterns could be designed as feasible knitted patterns. The automatic design method can not only broaden ideas for pattern design, but also suit quick response to market changes.

Grey simulative design of digital jacquard fabric based on colorful image

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  69-72. 

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In order to remain the color information of digital image during grey simulative design of jacquard fabric, this paper come up with a new method of grey simulative effect digital jacquard fabric with multi-weft yarns. Applying to layered-combination mode, full-color weave points and weave structure, colorful digital pattern can be directly used in grey simulative jacquard fabric, and using multi-weft grey yarns, grey simulative fabric based on colorful digital pattern can be done. Moreover, the fabric structure has kept color information. Using colorful yarns, the color of the pattern can be simulated in the meantime. This method meets the requirement of simulative digital pattern in fabric, and the process, which can do the business of massive production system, opens up the field of digital jacquard fabric design innovation.

Research on textile electromagnetism and development of electromagnetic textile

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  73-81. 

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Effect of electret particles on thermal properties and spinnability of PLA meltblown materials

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  82-85. 

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Spinning instability and electrets particles agglomeration reunion electrets of polylactic acid (PLA) meltblown nonwoven materials have been presented in the preparation process. In particular, it is shown spinning instability can greatly influence in the filtration efficiency and stability of charge storage of the PLA meltblown material. In this paper, PLA composites filled with various content electrets for meltblown materials were prepared, thermal properties of PLA composites were analyzed and the spinnability of PLA composites were researched using DSC method. The research results showed that the addition of a small amount of electrets particles improved the crystallization of the PLA composites. The spinnability of PLA composites characterization By melt crystallization peak, undercooling and the crystallization temperature interval results implied that pure PLA materials and PLA composites containing 5% electrets particles had good spinnability.

Directional thinking method for innovative design of textile

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  86-90. 

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An innovative textile design method and its applied effect was discussed. Based on the point that the inspiration of innovative design is drawn from experience and talent and starts out with conception, the multidirectional thinking method was put forward and inducted in the five different thinking directions as backward, forward, outward, inward, lateral. Combined with the analysis on the practical examples of the multidirectional thinking method in the woven fabric’s visual effect design, this article summarized its effect and application point. The multidirectional thinking method was demonstrated to have the obvious effect, handleability and universality in the innovative textile design. It was also confirmed that two or more kinds of the multidirectional thinking methods could be combined to use.

Effect of starch cross-linkage using STMP on properties of starch sizes

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  91-94. 

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In order to find environmentally friendly cross-linking agents suitable for the modification of cassava starch used for warp sizing for the purpose of replacing the toxic cross-linking agents commonly used in the production of the starch sizes and meeting the demands of viscosity stability of the cooked starch pastes to heat during warp sizing operation, a series of cross-linked starch with different degree of crosslinking (DC) were prepared by using non-toxic sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) as a crosslinking agent through varying the feed ratio of STMP to the starch. Influences of DC on the paste viscosity, viscosity stability, adhesion to fibers, film properties, de-sizing behavior, BOD5 and COD were studied. It was found that the cross-linkage could significant improve the viscosity stability of cooked starch pastes to heat. DC exhibited marked effects on the viscosity, viscosity stability, adhesion to fibers, properties of starch film and de-sizing behavior, but little effect on biodegradability. Experiments demonstrated that the cross-linked starch could meet the demand in the warp sizing if the starch was cross-linked to a DC value of 650 AGU/CL by STMP.

Combined mechanical and enzyme degumming process of cotton stald bast fiber

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  95-100. 

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In order to avoid the serious environmental pollution from chemical degumming, the combined mechanical and enzyme degumming of cotton bast fiber was suggested. During the combined mechanical and enzyme degumming, the results of orthogonal design was optimized by fuzzy mathematical theory, solved the question when optimization conditions of two evaluation targets were variance, indicated the optimization condition enzyme density 6%, pH 4.4, temperature 60℃, time8 hour, glue remnant rate was 8.09% , lignin remnant rate was 9.64%. The structure and morphology of degummed fiber were discussed by FTIR、SEM and XRD analysis, for the dyeing and production of cotton bast fibers.

 Performance of easy-dyeable hydrophilic polyester fibers and its fabric

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  101-104. 

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An introduction of hydrophilic and easy-dyeable Yi MianTM fibers and fabrics are given in this paper including their physical properties and characteristics of the dyeing and finishing process. Yi MianTM fibers can be dyed using dispersed dyes under normal pressure, and YI Mian/Cotton blends can be dyed in one-bath one-step process, which could effectively save energy. Also, they have appropriate tensile strength, desirable handle and high hydrophilicity that are similar to cotton. Yi MianTM fabrics have better absorption and quick-drying properties than conventional polyester and cotton fabrics, and can be used to produce a variety of casual fabrics and sports fabrics.

Clearly dyeing of silk with reactive dyes plus molecular companions

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  105-110. 

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In this paper, the small organic cation molecules were used as molecule companions of reactive dyes, a dyeing acceleration theory of molecule companion(DATMC) of reactive dyes on dyeing silk was invented and studied. The results showed that small organic cation molecule had wonderful dyeing acceleration effect. The greater of the hydrophobic chain of small organic cation molecule was, the better of dyeing acceleration effect was. But if the carbon atom number of hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain of small organic cation molecules was equal to or more than 12, the small organic cation molecule would hinder the fixation reaction of reactive dye on silk. On the contrary, if it was equal to or less than 8, the fixation reaction would not be affected. In the dyeing process, if the accelerant was added in several times, the silk could be dyed uniformly. If we needed the hydrophobic part of accelerant was great enough, and the carbon atom number of hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain of accelerant was equal to or less than 8, the hydrophobic part could be designed in the two hydrocarbon chain. Octyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(OTAB) and dihexyl dimethyl ammonium bromide(DHDAB) were useful dyeing accelerants, when the concentrations of OTAB and DHDAB were very low, the dyeing accelerations effect were good enough. The dyeing acceleration theory of molecule companion of reactive dyes was clearly dyeing theory.

Color analysis of dye-free color development of wool fabric

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  111-114. 

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Based on dye-free coloration of tryptophan, different colors were discussed by altering the concentration of 3,4 - two hydroxyl benzaldehyde , concentration of nitric acid and reaction temperature . And the chromaticity value can be discussed, which can be used to analyze the influence of different technique process. Then the strength and color fastness of colored fabric were tested. The results showed that, by altering the process,it can get different shades of color, the color fastness is good as well as the fabric strength.

Impregnation of pyrromethene dye into polymer optical fiber in carbon dioxide fluid system

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  115-119. 

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In this study, Polymer optical fiber (POF) was impregnated with Pyrromethene 567, using a carbon dioxide fluid solvent impregnation technique in order to develop POF for fiber laser and local communication systems applications. Some experiences were carried out to optimize the impregnation conditions, including the cosolvent, the fluid pressure, temperature and impregnation time. Furthermore, the optic characteristics of the POF was determined from the measurement of fluorescence spectrum, which was pumped at 532 nm with a Nd:YAG laser. Microscope and SEM analysis of the sample shows that the fiber structure of the sample does not be changed during this impregnation process. At last, the result clearly shows the method provides a more efficient impregnation process to compare to the traditional interfacial-gel polymerization process.

Preparation and properties of hydrophobic-hydrophilic switchable coating via UV radiation on cotton fabric

Yun-Jie YIN

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  120-124. 

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SiO2/TiO2 composite sol was prepared with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and tetrabutyl titanate (TBT), and it was coated on cotton fabric to present hydrophobic-hydrophilic switchable property via UV response. The contact angle of the coated fabric was 121.3° and was hydrophobic, but after radiated in UV for 18h, the contact angle was 0° and was hydrophilic. When the radiated fabric was kept in dark place for 12h, the contact angle was increased to 93.2° from 0°. When the fabric was in UV and dark place for 10 times, the contact angle was kept in between 0° and 92°-96°, and showed hydrophobic-hydrophilic switchable property. From the ultraviolet spectrum, the ultraviolet radiation transmittances of the coated fabrics were decreased slightly via radiation UV for 18h, whereas, the ultraviolet radiation transmittances were increased when the radiated fabric was kept in dark place for 12h, and this changes of the ultraviolet radiation transmittances verified the mechanism of switchable wettability.

One-bath pigment dyeing water-and oil-repellent-flame retardant coating finish of cotton canvas

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  125-128. 

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Using coating method, pigment dyeing, water-and oil-repellent and flame retardant finishing is carried out on pure cotton canvas in one bath.The influences of the coating formula and process conditions of the one bath coating method on composite functional coating were studied. The morphology, surface elements and thermal properties of fiber were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy spectrum analysis (XPS) and thermoanalysis (TG).The cotton canvas after coating in one bath have water-and oil-repellent more than 4 grade, Water-pressure Resistance more than 180 cm, flame retardancy of B1, color fastness to wet rubbing of 4 grade. The results showed that the fluoride and phosphorus of fiber significantly increased. There are also three cracking stage after composite functional coating, but each phase of the temperature is decreased obviously, especially the main stage, and residue quantity is obviously improved.

Antibacterial finishing cotton by grafting of N-halamine monomers

Yin LIU Xuehong Ren

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  129-135. 

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The graft copolymerization and antibacterial property of methacrylamide on cotton fabric were studied with sodium persulfate as initiator. Dip-pad-cure process(DPC) and impregnation process were used to graft cotton fabric. The optimum condition of graft copolymerization was obtained as below: initiator concentration 30 g/L, monomer concentration 90 g/L, 76% take-up, reaction time 3 min, curing temperature 150℃ and curing time 1.5 min. The active chlorine from optimum process is 0.52%. The active chlorine reached at 1.11% when the concentrations of initiator and monomer were 30 g/L and 50 g/L, respectively, after 180 min of reaction. The surface of grafted fabric was characterized by FTIR, SEM et al. The results confirmed that methacrylamide was grafted onto cotton cellulose using a radical graft polymerization process. The modified cotton fabric obtained good antibacterial property when the active chlorine reached at 0.52%.

Development of fabric-based carbon PTC functional materials

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  136-140. 

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The electrical resistivity character and stabilization of PTC material were studied with polyacrylic acid latex and stearic acid emulsion as matrix and carbon black as conductive functional material. then it was applied for fabric coating and the finishing coating agents for conductive fabric,also possessing both the PTC effect and phase change accumulatorthermal capacity was acquired.the electrical resistivity character of the coating agents with different proportions were measured to give the optimal proportion of raw materials.the Furthermore relations of the conductive behavior with thecarbon black content, temperature, and emulsion or suspension consisting was studied and the coating stability was test.the results show that:the pad coated possess notable positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effects, as well as a very excellent adhesion properties. At the same time, those coatings play the role of memory storage of heat in the phase transition temperature range of the stearic acid and can also be used as latent thermal energy storage materials.

Research and application of high-speed and energy-saving combing technology

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  141-145. 

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The way of the high speed and energy saving technology on comber is reducing inertia force, movement speed and acceleration of parts on comber. With mechanical design optimization method, The separation roller system and nip plates transmission on HC350 type of comber is optimized to reduce the velocity and acceleration of parts on HC350 comber, and the HC500 comber are developed. Compared HC500 comber with HC350, the nip plate velocity valley value and acceleration peak value were reduced by 31.3% and 33%, the movement velocity valley value and the acceleration peak value of detaching roller were reduced 15% and 50% respectively. We are experiment on HC500 and HC350 comber and the result shows that HC500 comer has good high-speed performance and power saving effect.

Design of weft-insertion system of three-dimensional loom based on servo- cylinder

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  146-150. 

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According to the special requirements to rapier loom’s weft-insertion system for weaving three-dimensional fabric, a new rapier weft-insertion system is present. Based on the requirements of three-dimensional fabric, the weft insertion system with computer-controlling and servo-cylinder driving is applied to control the rapier’s movement on the three-dimensional loom. This method not only greatly simplifies the weft-insertion system, but also achieves weft-insertion with variable travel, and improves the flexibility and reliability of weft-insertion system. It is introduced that the general design of three-dimensional loom’s weft-insertion system, including the driving systme’s hardware configure and its software’s controlling principle. The weft-insertion system designed has been applied in a three-dimensional loom prototype successfully.

Structure parameter optimization design of foreign fiber sorting robot based on consideration of flexibility

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2013, 34(2):  151-156. 

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In order to realize low cost and multi-pose for a different fibers sorting robot, the robot structure and flexible was analyzed. The robot selected 5-DOF structure (PRRRP). This paper established the robot's D-H kinematics parameter table and worked out inverse kinematics solution of the position vector corresponding joint variables. The boundary constraints of joint variables were determined by graphic method. The concept of flexibility was defined. The evaluation function of flexible degree was established on the half-section of cotton pile. The joint variables parameters with most flexible points were obtained by optimization calculation. At last, this paper pointed out that the design criterion of the flexible to achieve multi-pose movement was a design method with low cost, easy to control on the low DOF robot.