Table of Content

15 November 2022, Volume 43 Issue 11

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Fiber Materials

Preparation and characterization of polylactic acid nanofiber drug loaded medical dressings

LI Liang, PEI Feifei, LIU Shuping, TIAN Sujie, XU Mengyuan, LIU Rangtong, HAI Jun

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  1-8.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210908508

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In order to construct a self-degradable, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, light, thin and soft medical dressings conducive to wound healing, nanofiber drug loaded dressings based on polylactic acid (PLA) was prepared by electrospinning technology with different mass fractions of amoxicillin. The microstructure, wettability, drug release, antibacterial and self-degradation properties of nanofiber films were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, contact angle tester and UV spectrophotometer. The results indicate that the PLA nanofiber dressings possess porous structure and the diameter of dressing fiber decreases with the increase of drug loading. When the drug loading is 3%, the average diameter of dressing fiber is 684 nm. There is no chemical reaction between amoxicillin and polylactic acid, suggesting that negative modification did not occur for the amoxicillin. Moreover, the wettability and antibacterial properties of drug loaded PLA nanofiber dressings are enhanced with the increase of drug loading. The antibacterial rate of nanofiber dressings with 3% drug loading is up to 91% for staphylococcus aureus. In addition, polylactic acid nanofiber dressings represent excellent in-vitro degradation performance, drug release ability and stable release rate, which are necessary for wound dressings.

Preparation and properties of modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nano-scaled drug delivery system by collagen

WU Huanling, XIE Zhouliang, WANG Yang, SUN Wanchao, KANG Zhengfang, XU Guohua

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  9-15.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210806207

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In order to improve the slow degradation rate of poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer) (PLGA) and improve the drug release performances of PLGA-based drug loading materials, collagen (Col) as the modified material and doxorubicin (DOX) as the drug model, PLGA/Col/DOX nanofibrous membranes were prepared by electrostatic spinning technology with PLGA as the substrate, which can be used as sustained-release material for local tumor treatment. Modification effect of collagen on the hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity, in-vitro degradation, drug release performance and cytocompatibility of PLGA-based drug delivery system was investigated. The results showed that the properties of PLGA/Col nanofibrous membranes with a mass ratio of 75/25 were the best. After modification by collagen, the contact angle of the nanofibrous membrane decreased from 93.5°to 51.5°, indicating significant improvement of hydrophilicity. In-vitro degradation experiments showed that the 30-day weight loss rates of the nanofibers before and after collagen modification were 3.5% and 19% respectively, suggesting that the addition of collagen could greatly improve the degradation of PLGA. In-vitro drug release experiments showed that the drug release rate was significantly increased after modification, which could effectively improve the defects of low drug release rate and low drug release amount of PLGA. Cytotoxicity experiments showed that collagen could improve the biocompatibility of PLGA and facilitate cell adhesion and proliferation.

Preparation and performance of lithium iron phosphate/carbon black/carbon nanofibers flexible cathode

ZHANG Changhuan, LI Xianxian, ZHANG Liran, LI Deyang, LI Nianwu, WU Hongyan

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  16-21.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210807406

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In order to achieve flexibility of the electrode material for flexible lithium-ion batteries, a self-supporting lithium iron phosphate/carbon black/carbon nanofibers (LiFePO₄/CB/CNFs) flexible cathode was developed by a combination of electrospinning and heat treatment. The results show that the olivine structure LiFePO₄ is formed after heat treatment. The prepared flexible LiFePO₄/CB/CNFs cathode is a three-dimensional network structure nanomaterial with a high porosity. The CB and active material LiFePO₄ are uniformly embedded in the CNF matrix. The CB did not affect the LiFePO₄ crystal structure during the formation of the active material. When the CB mass ratios are set to 0.10% and 0.15%, flexible composite cathode demonstrates good electrochemical reversibility, the first discharge specific capacity is 141.1 and 139.1 mA·h/g, respectively, and the coulombic efficiency is 87.3% and 87.6% for first cycle, respectively. The discharge specific capacity performance is relatively stable during 100 cycles, and the coulombic efficiency is maintained at about 99% from 2 to 100 cycle.

Bacterial cellulose/polyacrylamide hydrogel polymer electrolyte with dual-crosslinked network based on ionic liquid synergistic method

ZHANG Tianyun, SHI Xiaohong, ZHANG Le, WANG Fujuan, XIE Yi'na, YANG Liang, RAN Fen

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  22-28.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20211001307

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In order to achieve balance between different properties of the gel electrolyte, bacterial cellulose/polyacrylamide gel-polymer electrolyte with dual-crosslinked network was prepared by anionic imidazole-type ionic liquid and oxidized-bacterial cellulose, followed by crosslinking by acrylamide using in-situ free radical polymerization method. The anionic ionic liquids were 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF₄), 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (EMIMPF₆), and 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bistrifluoromethosulfonimide (EMIMTFSI), respectively, which played important synergistic role in the construction of double crosslinked hydrogel polymer electrolyte. The results show that the gel polymer electrolyte based on EMIMBF₄ has excellent mechanical properties and ionic conductivity, with its elongation at break being 38.60%, its tensile strength 175.25 kPa, and its ionic conductivity reached 20.16 mS/cm.

Rapid quantitative detection of silk grafting ratio based on near infrared spectroscopy

WANG Rui, SI Yinsong, LU Haohao, GAO Shuang, FU Yaqin

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  29-34.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210800106

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The grafting ratio of silk after chemical graft weight gaining treatment is difficult to measure directly, and the existing thermogravimetric analysis method is time-consuming and not suitable for rapid mass detection. In order to solve these problems, a rapid detection method by using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was proposed. Based on NIRS combined with stoichiometry software, the partial least squares was selected as a correction method to establish prediction model of grafting ratio of methylacrylamide grafted silk. The model was optimized from three aspects of spectral pretreatment, modeling bands, and the optimal numbers of principal factor. The internal prediction accuracy of the established model is 91.03%. 19 samples not involved in the modeling were used for the robustness verification,and paired t-test of predicted and reference values showed that at a given significant level α=0.05, there was no significant difference between the results obtained from model prediction and weighing method. Results show that the NIRS technique can provide a rapid and effective method for the quantitative detection of silk grafting ratio.

Preparation and electrochemical performance of composite carbon nanotube/Ni/polyaniline fibrous supercapacitor

LOU Huiqing, ZHU Feichao, LI Leilei, DING Huilong, PU Dandan, WANG Xiangfei

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  35-40.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20211111206

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In order to improve the capacitance performance of fibrous supercapacitors, carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers were subjected to anodizing pretreatment, metallization treatment and electrodeposition of polyaniline to obtain different electrode materials. CNT, CNT/polyaniline (CNT-PANI), CNT/anodization/polyaniline (CNT-O-PANI), CNT/anodization/metallization/polyaniline (CNT-O-Ni-PANI) was used to assemble the fibrous supercapacitor separately, and its structure and electrochemical performance were studied. The results show that after anodic oxidation and metallization, polyaniline was uniformly and tightly dispersed on the surface of the CNT fibers, and there was no agglomeration phenominon. The supercapacitor prepared by CNT-O-Ni-PANI electrode material has excellent energy storage performance, and its specific capacitance and energy density are much higher than the other three electrode materials. At a current density of 1 A/g, its specific capacitance and energy density are 357.8 F/g and 178.9 W·h/kg respectively, and at a scanning speed of 10 mV/s, its specific capacitance is as high as 1 246.3 F/g. The CNT-O-Ni-ANI supercapacitors have better stability performance, and at a current density of 5 A/g, the capacitance retention rate is still as high as 99.7% after 10 000 constant current charge and discharge cycles.

Textile Engineering

Influence of digital yarn characteristic parameters on fabric appearance

GUO Mingrui, GAO Weidong

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  41-45.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20220305305

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In order to clarify the classification of characteristics of digital yarns based on the digital ring spinning and its influence on the fabric structure and appearance. By analyzing the principle of two-channel two-stage drawing digital spinning, a variety of yarns with varying linear densities or blending ratios were spun. The characteristic parameters of digital yarns were selected to include the base linear density, cycle length, variation range of blending ratio (linear density), number of fragments within a cycle or variation gradient between two adjacent segments. It is concluded that the greater the variation range of blending ratio (linear density), the stronger the segment color (slub) effect, and that the width of the fabric strip is determined by the cycle length and a longer period corresponds to a wider segment effect. The number of segments contained in a cycle has certain influence on the strength of segment color effect, and as the number of segments increases the segment color effect demonstrates a decrease.

Simulation and prediction of yarn creep performance based on fractional model

LI Yang, PENG Laihu, ZHENG Qiuyang, HU Xudong

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  46-51.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20211005006

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Aiming of the inaccuracy in existing yarn stretch mechanics models, the yarn extension behavior is analyzed by the fractional calculus model. The fractional order calculus theory with improved glue-pot model is introduced for the establishment of the fractional order yarn creep model. XL-2 tensile tester was used to measure the yarn elongation for creep with yarns under the same tension and of different linear density and with yarns under different tensions but of the same linear density, obtaining the creep curve for the whole process. The yarn creep test curves for yarns with different linear densities were selected for regression, and the model parameters were obtained. The relationship between creep model parameters and applied tension was also obtained. Finally, different models were used to fit and predict the yarn creep curve under different tension. The results show that the fractional order yarn creep model proposed in this paper is not only simple in structure and involving less parameters than the three-component model, integer order model and Burgers model, but also has high precision in the fit and prediction of yarn creep.

Measurement of micro deformation of yarns and fabrics based on digital image correlation method

WANG Mingliang, ZHANG Huile, YUE Xiaoli, CHEN Huimin

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  52-58.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210911207

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In order to measure the tensile deformation of yarns and structural repeat in fabrics accurately and continuously, a method for uniaxial tensile test was proposed in micro scale based on a digital image correlation method (DIC). Four types of fabric were selected, and yarn samples were acquired from the fabrics before the fabrics were cut into testing samples. A designed speckle pattern was made on each sample. As the next step, the yarn and fabric samples were subjected to uniaxial tensile tests and the whole process was recorded by camera. Extensometers were introduced in the DIC testing software to calculate the linear strain of segmented parts on single yarn and the linear strain of fabric along the warp and weft directions. The results show that the linear strain increases at different rates in each part on the yarn during the tensile process. When the fabric is stretched by small deformation, the deformation of fabric is non-uniform, especially for weft knitted fabrics. The method to measure the micro deformation based on DIC reveals the deformation patterns for yarns and fabrics in production and application, and it provides information for the design and application of intelligent wearable electronic textiles.

Dual-algorithm for fabric defect detection based on singular value decomposition

ZHENG Zhaolun, LU Yujun

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  59-67.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210310709

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Aiming at the problem that hole and line defects are difficult to be detected simultaneously, a double-algorithm fabric defect detection method based on singular value decomposition was proposed. The image was decomposed by singular value first, and then the background texture was eliminated and the defect area was preserved by Boolean difference set operation between the original image and the eigenvalue image. Following that the mean filtering, histogram average and variance threshold filtering were used to eliminate the interference of texture and noise points and the defect position was determined by morphological processing. The linear defects and hole defects were eventually obtained by using area threshold and variance threshold. Experimental results show that the proposed method not only can effectively detect hole defects, but also has a good performance in detecting linear defects, and the accuracy is significantly higher than the traditional algorithm, which proves the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed method.

Fabrication and thermal-activated recovery properties of shape memory composite braided circular tubes

ZHANG Wei, JIANG Zhe, XU Qi, SUN Baozhong

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  68-74.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210902107

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To investigate the effects of braiding angle and recovery temperature on mechanical properties and shape recovery performances of braided circular tube composites, continuous carbon fiber/shape memory polyurethane composite filament was prepared using the modified twin-screw extrusion technique, and the braided circular tubes with different braiding angles were obtained by 2-D braiding. The braiding angles included 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 75°, and the radial strength and shape recovery performances of braided circular tubes were compared. The results show that continuous carbon fiber is evenly coated by shape memory polyurethane and in the center of composite filament. Radial force of the circular tube is proportional to the braiding angle and the closer the braiding angle is to 45°, the higher the shape recovery ratio will be. Recovery temperature has the effect on shape memory properties. As the recovery temperature increases, recovery rate and recovery ratio are both enhanced. The braided circular tube structure demonstrated a shape recovery ratio of up to 96%.

Preparation and properties of shape-memory composites reinforced by carbon fabrics

SU Ziyue, SHAN Yingfa, WU Yingzhu, QIN Jieyao, PENG Meiting, WANG Xiaomei, HUANG Meilin

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  75-80.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210600306

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In order to solve the impact of catalysts in a carbon fabric-based shape-memory composite system on its recycling performance, an epoxy-anhydride system (BMT) based on dynamic transesterification to provide the shape-memory function was adopted, and a polyhydroxy reactive monomer trimethylolpropane (TMP) as the reactive agent was combine with the carbon fabric to prepare a catalyst-free and regulable shape-memory composite. The results show that the polyhydroxy catalytic composite (C-BMT) not only displays a good shape-memory ability, and its physical properties are also excellent, especially its tensile strength is 24 time higher than that of the BMT system. In addition, there is no catalyst in the composite, which simplifies the recycling of the composites. The research is of great significance for the future development and for recycling of high-performance carbon fiber fabric matrix composites.

Study of hollow honeycomb molded composites reinforced by ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fabrics

ZHANG Zhiying, WANG Yiqiu, SUI Jianhua

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  81-87.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20201007607

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In order to develop light-weight and high-strength composite sheet materials for vehicle and ship shells, ultra high molecular weight polyethytene(UHMWPE) short fiber yarns were used as the warp and weft to weave honeycomb fabrics with a single layer warp and weft densities being 120 fibers in 10 cm and with to make 2L(1+0), 4L(2+1) and 6L(3+2) structures. Using thermosetting epoxy resin as the matrix, the panel was made of the honeycomb core with top and bottom plates which were made using vacuum method, where the diamond-shaped cells in the core were created by opening sticks. The"three-in-one" honeycomb composite plates were prepared and the structural characteristics of the composite boards and the tensile, flattening and bending properties were measured. The test results show that the specific densities of the three types of composite boards are far less than that of water, and the 6L(3+2) boards reaches a specific density of 0.48 g/cm³. It is also found that the more the layers of the composite boards, the more difficult it is for the epoxy resin to penetrate, especially at the rhombic intersection of the hollow plate, causing flexural strength to increase under horizontal tensile and compression loading. The horizontal compression strength of the 6L (3+2) composite plate sample reach 1.03 MPa.

Preparation and properties of thermoplastic polyurethane meltblowns

LIU Ya, CHENG Kewei, ZHAO Yixia, YU Wen, ZHANG Shuping, QIAN Zimao

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  88-93.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210802806

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In order to improve strength and elastic recovery of traditional meltblown nonwovens, a new type of elastic meltblown nonwovens was prepared from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The thermal properties and rheological properties of TPU were studied, and the effects of preparation process parameters on the morphology, mechanical properties, air permeability and contact angle of TPU meltblown nonwovens were analyzed. The results show that the TPU raw material with a number average molecular weight of 33 767 g/mol, a molecular weight distribution index of 2.19 and a melting point of 159.4 ℃ has good rheological properties at 230 ℃ which is suitable for melt-blown spinning. When the average fiber diameter is 10.27 μm and the average fiber web pore size is 145 μm, the longitudinal and transverse rupture strengths of the prepared TPU meltblown nonwovens are 52 and 49 N/(5 cm), the longitudinal and transverse elongation at break are 424% and 459%, respectively. With the same web parameters, the 50% elongation recovery rate is 97%, the air permeability is 580 L/(m²·s), and the water contact angle is 110.3°, showing obvious water-repellent properties.

Dyeing and Finishing & Chemicals

Hydrolysis and bonding properties of reactive dyes in non-aqueous medium with minimal water systems

SHAO Min, WANG Lijun, LI Meiqi, LIU Jinqiang, SHAO Jianzhong

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  94-103.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20220812110

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To ascertain the bonding properties of reactive dyes with alcohol hydroxyls on cotton fibers and the accompanying hydrolysis behavior of reactive dyes in non-aqueous medium with minimal water systems, the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the actual dyeing method were jointly used to study the hydrolysis characteristics of reactive dyes in the solution systems of non-aqueous medium with minimal water, the bonding properties of reactive dyes with alcohol hydroxyl groups in the simulated reaction system using methanol as the simulant of alcohol hydroxyl groups on cellulose fibers, and the dyeing performance of reactive dyes onto cotton fibers in actual non-aqueous medium dyeing system. The results show that, the hydrolysis properties of reactive dyes in the solution system of non-aqueous medium with minimal water mainly depend on the relative concentration of dyes to water, the pH value, and the temperature; the alcoholysis rate of reactive dyes in non-aqueous medium with minimal water system is significantly higher than that in the conventional water bath, and the increase in pH value increases the ratio of alcoholysis percentage to hydrolysis percentage, while the increase in temperature reduces the ratio significantly; the dyeing in non-aqueous medium with minimal water system can achieve ultra-high exhaustion rate of reactive dyes onto cotton in a wide range of pH value and temperature; and the dyeing process for cotton reactive dyeing in non-aqueous medium with minimal water system should adapt the strategy with a comparatively higher pH value and lower temperature, which is beneficial to the dyeing and fixing performance of reactive dyes, and thus beneficial to water-saving and carbon reduction production.

Preparation and application of polyphosphazene modified zeolite imidazolate framework materials for flame retardancy of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

LI Baojie, ZHU Yuanzhao, ZHONG Yi, XU Hong, MAO Zhiping

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  104-112.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20211106809

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In order to improve the flame retardancy of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), a zeolite imidazolate framework material (ZIF-8) was fabricated from zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 2-methylimidazole. The surface of ZIF-8 were modified with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and 4,4-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone to synthesize a ZIF-8/PZS submicron particle. PET flame-retardant composites were prepared by melt blending with PET and their flame-retardant properties were investigated. Thermogravimetric analyzer, limiting oxygen index meter, vertical combustion meter, material testing machine and scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the thermal stability, flame retardancy, melt-dripping resistance, mechanical properties and flame-retardant mechanism of composite materials. The results show that the addition of 6% ZIF-8/PZS submicron particles increases the LOI value of PET to 29.2% and passes UL-94 V-0 level. The mechanical properties of the composite materials are not severely affected. ZIF-8/PZS can be effective in both the gas phase and the condensed phase, thereby giving PET composites excellent flame-retardant properties.

Preparation and properties of flame retardant and superhydrophobic polyester/cotton fabrics

FANG Yinchun, CHEN Lüxin, LI Junwei

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  113-118.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210805006

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In order to achieve the flame retardancy and super hydrophobicity for polyester/cotton fabrics simultaneously, bio-based chitosan (CS) and phytic acid (PA) were used to construct the flame retardant coating on the polyester/cotton fabric by using layer-by-layer assembly method. The fluorinated superhydrophobic finishing agent was used to treat the polyester/cotton fabrics, and limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test and water static contact angle were used to determine the flame retardancy and super hydrophobicity of treated polyester/cotton fabrics. Thermogravimetric analyzer was used to investigate the thermal stability of polyester/cotton fabrics, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to view the morphology of polyester/cotton fabrics before and after treatment and their char residues after vertical burning. The results show that the LOI value of polyester/cotton fabric can reach 30.6% after flame retardant treatment by CS/PA coating, the static contact angle could reach over 150°, but the LOI would be reduced after superhydrophobic finishing. Polyester/cotton fabrics could achieve the flame retardancy and super hydrophobicity and a certain washing durability. The flame retardant and superhydrophobic treatment of polyester/cotton fabrics could improve their thermal stability at high temperature and promote the char formation. The CS/PA coating could act through intumescent flame-retardant action.

Whiteness formulae evaluation of non-fluorescent fabrics by psychophysical experiments

YANG Hongying, QI Mengyuan, YANG Zhihui, YANG Yanli, ZHANG Jingjing, XIE Wanzi

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  119-126.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210903408

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In order to choose the whiteness formula that is closest to human perception for non-fluorescent textile whiteness evaluation, 9 whiteness formulae were studied. White samples were selected from self-made non-fluorescent fabrics using white discrimination visual evaluation, and then 28 and 85 samples were selected to carry out 2 psychophysical experiments of pairwise comparison method and category determination method respectively. More than 10,000 visual evaluation data were processed for comparing and evaluating the predictive performance of the 9 whiteness formulae. Results show that when the whiteness formulae were evaluated by the pairwise comparison method and the category judgment method, Hunter2 formula performed the best for both cases. Therefore, for the non-fluorescent fabrics in this study, the Hunter2 whiteness formula originally designed for evaluating fluorescent fabrics is in the best agreement with the visual perception of human eyes.

Different influence of hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose pretreatment on surface properties of cotton and polyamide

QIAO Xiran, FANG Kuanjun, LIU Xiuming, GONG Jixian, ZHANG Shuai, ZHANG Min

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  127-132.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20211104006

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The large difference in surface properties of cotton and polyamide fibers makes the spreading and permeation behaviors of dye inks different on the two fibers, which brings great difficulties for the inkjet printing of cotton/polyamide interwoven fabrics to obtain clear patterns. Herein, the surface properties of the cotton and polyamide fibers were modified by using multiple polymers for the cotton/polyamide interwoven fabrics. The results showed that the effect for the two fibers were different when the cotton/polyamide interwoven fabric was modified by only hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose. The hydrophilicity of the cotton fiber surface was decreased while the hydrophilicity of the polyamide fiber surface was enhanced. The dye depth values of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black on the interwoven fabric modified with hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose were increased by 34.6%, 45.0%, 40.0%, and 31.5%, respectively, compared with fabric modified with sodium alginate. Meanwhile the ink-jet printing pattern definition of the modified cotton-polyamide interwoven fabric was improved as a result.

Peracetic acid activation for efficient degradation of p-nitrophenol by mixed-valence iron-based metal-organic framework

HU Qian, YANG Taoyu, ZHU Feichao, LÜ Wangyang, WU Minghua, YU Deyou

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  133-140.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210902908

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In order to improve the advanced treatment efficiency of iron-based metal-organic frame-works (Fe-MOFs) for printing and dyeing wastewater, mixed-valence MIL-53(Fe) (MV-MIL-53(Fe)) containing Fe(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ) was prepared by an in-situ doping solvothermal approach. The MV-MIL-53(Fe) was systematically characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption equipment, and pyridine chemisorbed infrared spectroscopy. p-nitrophenol and peracetic acid (PAA) were selected as the model target and green oxidant respectively to study the degradation activity and major active species of MV-MIL-53(Fe). The results show that Fe(Ⅱ) dopant increased the Lewis acidity of MIL-53(Fe), thus offering more active sites for PAA activation. The 4-NP degradation kinetic rate constant of MV-MIL-53(Fe)/PAA system could reach to 0.052 1 min^-1, which was 2.05, 1.45, and 6.68 times higher than MV-MIL-53(Fe)/H₂O₂, MIL-53(Fe)/PAA, and MIL-53(Fe)/H₂O₂ counterparts, respectively. After successive cycling for five runs, the MV-MIL-53(Fe) still exhibited good structure stability and catalysis activity for 4-NP degradation using PAA. Hydroxyl radicals were verified as the main reactive species converting from PAA for the rapid degradation of 4-NP.

Apparel Engineering

Study on cooling performance of evaporative cooling garment

CHEN Ying, SONG Zetao, ZHENG Xiaohui, JIANG Yan, CHANG Suqin

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  141-147.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20211007807

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In order to migrate heat strain on workers in the heat, a cooling garment was designed using polymeric cooling storage materials. In a simulated hot environment (temperature 34 ℃), three levels of work intensity (20, 200, and 300 W/m²) and three levels of relative humidity (20%, 50%, and 80%) were selected for systematically evaluating the cooling performance of the cooling garment utilizing dry thermal manikin controlled constant power. Results show that cooling garment is able to lower skin temperature, and for all local skin temperatures, the maximum cooling gradient is 3.4 ℃ and the maximum cooling rate is 0.081 ℃/min. Work intensity has a significant effect on effective cooling time, which for the torso under the selected work intensities were over 420, 165 and 102 min, respectively. Relative humidity has a significant effect on cooling gradient, and the cooling gradient of torso under the selected relative humidities were 1.8,1.2 and 0.4 ℃, respectively. Evaporative cooling garment has a mild cooling process, without sudden cooling and over cooling, which makes it suitable for wearing under moderate work intensity and moderate humidity conditions.

Applicability analysis and calculation of clothing area factor in down jacket clothing ensembles

ZHANG Wenhuan, JIANG Shu, LI Jun

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  148-153.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20211007606

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In order to effectively evaluate the thermal and moist comfort of down clothing ensembles and accurately obtain clothing area factor, naked and clothed human bodies with 12 sets of down clothing systems were scanned by 3-D body scanner. Using Pearson analysis method, the correlational relationship between area factor and clothing design parameters (total filling of down, clothing length) and clothing thermal physical properties (intrinsic and total thermal insulation) were analyzed and the regression equations were established based on each influencing factor. The applicability of the area factor and the calculation method were discussed for down clothing systems using the predicted method for inherent thermal insulation and total thermal insulation. The results indicates that there is significant correlation between the total filling of down and the area factor, and that the effectiveness of length depends on down filling amount. Compared with the method of predicting the area factor of the inherent thermal insulation, the predicted values with total thermal insulation are more accurate.

Finite element simulation of heat transfer through down coat panel

WU Jiayue, WU Qiaoying

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  154-162.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210911309

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A numerical simulation method was proposed to address the shortcomings associated to the existing down product warmth test, such as long testing time and high cost. ANSYS finite element software was used to establish a three-dimensional geometric model of "down-fabric-skin". The temperature distribution characteristics of the internal and external surfaces of the model with different fabrics, different filling densities and different number of quilts were simulated and analyzed, the influence of different conditions on the heat transfer along the thickness and width directions were studied and its clo values calculated, and experimental validation was carried out. The results show that the heat transfer distance along the thickness direction of the model increases with the increase of down filling density, and the temperature and heat flow density of the outer surface decreased. The heat transfer along the thickness direction of the model increased with the increase of the number of quilting, and the heat transfer distance along the width direction of the model decreased, and the temperature and heat flow density of the outer surface gradually increased. The influence of fabric on the warmth of down products was small, and the maximum relative error between simulated and experimental clo values is 4.79%, indicating good agreement between the two.

Clothing image segmentation method based on feature learning and attention mechanism

GU Meihua, LIU Jie, LI Liyao, CUI Lin

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  163-171.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210901109

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Aiming at the low accuracy of small size clothing and occlusion clothing image segmentation, a clothing image segmentation method based on improved multi-scale feature learning strategy and attention mechanism was proposed, using Mask R-CNN as the basic framework. Augmentation feature pyramid network was used to optimize the feature learning process of the model, the semantic gap between different levels was narrowed through unified supervision of multi-scale clothing features, the residual feature enhancement module was introduced to reduce the loss of high level features, and soft region of interest selection was used to adaptively obtain the optimal region of interest characteristics. Then, the channel attention module was introduced into the classification prediction branch, the spatial attention modules were introduced into the bounding box regression and mask prediction branches respectively, and the clothing area features that need to be focused on in the image were extracted. The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the detection rate and the segmentation completeness in dealing with small size clothing and occlusion clothing images, and the extracted clothing instance is more accurate comparing with the other methods, and the mean average precision is 3.8 points higher than that of the original model.

Machinery & Accessories

Modeling and response of variable longitudinal nonlinear vibration of rapier belt driven by variable speed weft insertion patterns

YUAN Ruwang, CHE Yicheng

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  172-178.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210800207

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This paper mainly studies the influence of the longitudinal vibration of the rapier belt driven by different variable-speed weft insertion patterns on the weft insertion process. For designing a variable speed weft insertion pattern, a parametric modeling method of weft insertion based on cosine series was proposed. In parallel, for the nonlinear dynamics of variable length and variable speed moving rapier belt under the action of driving force, the forced vibration model of variable length rapier belt was established based on the finite element method. The system mass, stiffness and damping terms were found to be related to the length of rapier belt. The effects of weft insertion pattern on the motion characteristics, longitudinal vibration and process of rapier belt under different acceleration parameters were analyzed. The results show that the initial acceleration and peak negative acceleration of rapier belt are the key parameters affecting the weft insertion process. The peak value of the speed and acceleration of the rapier belt, the time of entering the shed and the peak value of the internal stress would decrease with the increase of the initial acceleration. When the rapier belt holds the weft and enters the shed, the vibration increases with the increase of the peak value of negative acceleration. Reasonable regulation of key parameters can coordinate the process timing and dynamic characteristics of beat-up, weft insertion and shedding.

Construction and experiment of intelligent chemicals distribution system for dyeing machine

ZHANG Fumu, LIU Duanwu, HU Yueming

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  179-187.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210911709

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Aiming at the large distribution errors in traditional chemicals distribution systems for dyeing machines, a multi-layer fully connected neural network model was proposed based on the prediction of recommended pre-stop value and predicted time. The network model was firstly trained using data recorded in the distribution process, and the data to be distributed was fed into the trained network model for calculation so as to obtain the recommended pre-stop value and predicted time. The recommended pre-stop value and empirical pre-stop value were used to obtain the final pre-stop value according to the variable ratio algorithm. The system worked to determine the closing time of the distribution valve according to the final pre-stop value. The predicted time was used to evaluate whether the distribution process was timed out. Four pre-stop modes were used for chemicals distribution experiments over 1 000 times, and the results show that the standard deviation of distribution error predicted by network model is 23.8 g, the mean absolute error is 16.1 g. It is superior to the other three pre-stop modes with better chemical distribution accuracy.

Comprehensive Review

Research progress in non-contact fiber tension detection technology in spinning process

ZHANG Dongjian, GAN Xuehui, YANG Chongchang, HAN Fuyi, LIU Xiangyu, TAN Yuan, LIAO He, WANG Songlin

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  188-194.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210403607

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Tension changes during fiber preparation have a significant impact on fiber product properties. Currently, the detection of fiber tension in the spinning process is still based on the contact method, which often causes fiber damage and seriously affects the quality stability, and service life of products. Therefore, combined with the development trend of the textile industry, the characteristics and limitations of contact fiber tension detection technology were introduced, especially the demand for high-speed spinning for fiber tension detection, the non-contact tension detection based on image processing, which are popularly researched, was summarized. The real-time and effectiveness of the detection are affected by the image processing technology due to the acquisition frequency and huge data operation. A non-contact real-time fiber tension detection technology based on laser Doppler Vibrometer technology was discussed from the aspects of the characteristics of high-speed spinning and the requirements of fiber tension detection, so as to provide an effective means for the study of fiber tension changes in the spinning process.

Research progress in one-way water transport textiles and their applications

WANG Hongjie, HU Zhongwen, WANG He, FENG Quan, LIN Tong

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  195-202.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210905108

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In order to further promote the one-way water transport technique with textiles and to expand its applications, a detailed overview on research, development, and applications of one-way water transport textiles is presented. This paper summarized the research progress in the one-way water transport textiles in recent years. The designed principles and the common preparation methods based on the surface energy gradient, development process, and the latest research progress were systematically introduced and discussed, and then the advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods were reviewed and analyzed. The application fields were classified and discussed, including clothing, fog collection, oil-water separation, sensors and air filtration. The roles of one-way water transport textiles played in different applications were explained. Future developments and problems of the one-way water transport textiles were highlighted. Possible solutions were put forward aiming at the limitations of the preparation of one-way water transport textiles, and future development directions were discussed for theoretical and technical references to expand the applications of one-way water transport textiles.

Research progress of inorganic antibacterial fabrics

CAO Congcong, TANG Longshi, LIU Yuanjun, ZHAO Xiaoming

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  203-211.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210309409

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To gain an in-depth understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of inorganic antimicrobial agents and to prepare antimicrobial fabrics with improved performance, the relevant research progress was reviewed. The antimicrobial mechanisms of metal-based and photocatalytic inorganic antimicrobial agents were briefly introduced, and the research progress of silver-based, copper-based, zinc-based, and composite inorganic antimicrobial agents in the field of textiles was mainly introduced. Compared with other types of antimicrobial agents, inorganic antimicrobial agents have the advantages in strong broad-spectrum and are not easy to make bacteria resistant, but there are some problems in practical application, including silver antimicrobial agents being expensive, copper antimicrobial agents darker, zinc antimicrobial agents weaker and so on. By compounding with other antimicrobial agents, compound antimicrobial fabrics with excellent performance are possible to be achieved. The future research direction should be the development of multi-functional antibacterial fabrics with the characteristics of functional compounding, intelligence, and good comfort.

Research progress in mobility performance of protective clothing based on sports biomechanics

DAI Yanyang, WANG Shitan, WANG Yunyi, LI Jun

Journal of Textile Research. 2022, 43(11):  212-218.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20210607707

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In order to accurately evaluate the mobility performance of protective clothing and quantitatively analyze the adverse effects on the human musculoskeletal system, the current research progress in the mobility performance of protective clothing was reviewed in two aspects based on the methods of sports biomechanics, i.e., the external kinematic behavior and internal dynamic response of the human body. The performance characteristics related to human balance and stability were sorted out, the performance behaviors related to limb flexibility were summarized, and the dynamic response of the human body was analyzed. It was concluded that in the "clothing-human-environment" system, the size and structural design of protective clothing, the weight and distribution of the equipment, the body shape, the suitability of clothing and the human body, ambient temperature and ground conditions will all affect mobility performance of the protective clothing. Future researches in this area should further explore the relationship among various indicators to analyze differences in compensation strategies of clothed human bodies in the activity task, simulate the real working conditions to fully reveal the impact mechanism of the mobility performance of protective clothing, improve the accuracy of mobility performance evaluation and reasonably predict the risk of human bone and muscle injury.