Table of Content

15 February 2017, Volume 38 Issue 02

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Preapration and characterization of photodynamic antimicrobial poly(methyl mecthacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) electrospun nanofibrous membrane

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  1-6.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161000706

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Research in new antimicrobial materials is becoming more important to meet the increasing challenge of arising bacterial infections diseases in the world. Poly (methyl mecthacrylate-co-methacryllic acid) (PCMAA-co-MAA) with different monomer ratio synthesized by emulsion polymerization were electrospun into nanofibers, the carboxyl groups of which was used to adsorb cationic photosensitizers to fabricate photodynamic antimicrobial nanofibrous membrane. Scanning electron microscope and differential scanning calorimeter were utilized to analyze the surface morphology of the P(MMA-co-MAA) nanofibrous membrane as well as its thermal properties. And finally the antimicrobial behavior of the as-prepared material was evaluated. The results indicated that the fiber diameter increased with the increase of relative molecular weight, and the uniformity decreased with the increase of polydispersity index. The glass transition temperature, adsorption capacity of the photosensitizer and antibacterial effect were improved with the increase of MAA. Furthermore, the photodynamic antimicrobial nanofibrous membrane showed good antibacterial effects on the S. aureus and E. coli. The sterilization rate can reach 99%.

Molecular interactions and characterization of sodium alginate / antarctic krill protein / polyvinyl alcohol composite fiber

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  7-13.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161000807

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In order to obtain higher strength sodium alginate/antarctic krill protein (SA/AKP) composite fiber, a series of SA/AKP/PVA composite fibers were prepared from blend PVA by wet spinning. The hydrogen bonds of SA/AKP composite fiber was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The FT-IR test results show that the existence of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in SA/AKP system. Moreover, with the increase of the PVA content, the free hydroxyl groups of the SA/AKP/PVA composite fibers are from 1.2% to 3.6%, as the same time, the intermolecular hydrogen bond are from 57.8% to 54.8%, however, no change exists in the number of intramolecular hydrogen. SEM image result show that the surface grooves of SA/AKP/PVA composite fibers become thin and distribute uniformly. XRD results demonstrate that the composite fibers have lower degree of crystallization with PVA content increasing. With the increase of PVA content, the mechanical properties of SA/AKP/PVA composite fiber first increased and then decreased. Moreover, when PVA content is 3.5%, mechanical properties reached the maximum value of 2.43cN/dtex.

Preparation of cellulose nanocrystals from corn husk and its antifouling performance for polysulfone composite membrane

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  14-20.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161004507

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In order to improve the economic value of corn husk, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was extracted from corn husks by a ultrasonic process. Polysulfone (PSf) /CNC blend membranes were prepared by an immersion phase inversion process. The morphology, structure and properties of CNC and blend membranes were investigated by SEM, TEM, XRD and filtration experiments. The influence of CNC on the strength, water flux, hydrophilic and antifouling performances of PSF/CNC membranes were researched. The results show that the isolated CNC from corn husk has an average diameter of 18.82 nm and an average length of 569.95 nm. The polymorphs of CNC is cellulose I, and the crystallinity of CNC is 53.86 %. CNC can improve the break strength, hydrophlicity and antifouling performance of pure PSf membrane. The blend membrane reaches optimal properties at 2 % CNC content, which is 2.13 and 1.32 times in pure water flux and antifouling property compared with pure PSF membrane. The bull serum albumin (BSA) rejection of blend membrane is 48.34 %

Preparation of keratin/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite fibers

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  21-25.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20160703405

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To promote the recycling of waste wool, keratin was extracted from the waste wool using L-cysteine as reducing agent, and spinning solution was prepared by dissolving the regenerated keratin in the sodium carbonate-sodium bicarbonate buffer. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with 4-substituted benzoic acid by direct Friedel-Crafts acylation. Regenerated keratin/functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes  (F-MWCNTs) composite fibers were wet-spun from the mixed solution of F-MWCNTs suspensing and keratin solution. The results show that F-MWCNTs were homogeneously dispersed in keratin matrix without any aggregation.  With the addition of F-MWCNTs, the composite fibers present crystallinity and content of β-sheet gerater than pure keratin fibers. The low addition of F-MWCNTs enhanced the mechanical properties of composite fibers, and the highest breaking stress of the composite fibers reaches 91.5±12.6 MPa with 0.15% F-MWCNTs, which is improved by 139% in comparison with that of pure keratin fibers.

Preparation and antibacterial property of high-efficiency low-resistance polyacrylonitrile / graphene nanofiber membrane for gas filtration

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  26-33.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161100608

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In view of polyacrylonitrile (PAV) as filter material with the influence on air filtration performance factors, the electrospun graphene/PAN composite membranes  different contents of graphene were prepared. Filtration efficiency and antibacterial property of menbranes were tested, and the injluences of air flow rate and pore size distribution membranes on filtration efficiency were studied. Results showed that when the content of graphite oxide (GO) is 0.3%, the average diameter of nanofibers was 103 nm and the filtration efficiency of the composite membrane reaches to maximum; the filtration efficiency of the composite membrane decreased with the increase of flow rate, and pore size between 1.3~1.7 μm was best for improvement of the membrane filtration efficiency; and when the contents of GO and reductive graphite oxide (rGO) were 0.3%, the filtration efficiency of the GO/PAN composite membrane was better than that of the rGO/PAN composite membrane, and though the antibacterial property was the opposite，namely the antibacterial experiment results were PAN/GO and PAN/rGO nanocomposite bacteriostatic rate of E. coli were 32.4% and 40.5%, respectively, the inhibition rate of Staphylococcus aureus were 45.8% and 56.7% respectively.

Pre-oxidation process of polyacrylonitrile nanofiber bundles

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  34-39.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161003506

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The process of pre-oxidation provides the reference for manufacturing of carbon nanofibers with high-performance. The polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber bundle with high alignment was fabricated by a multi-needle electrospinning process. The structure of nanofibers was investigated, and the influence of pre-oxidation temperature and time on the structures and properties of nanofibers were also discussed. The results indicate that the process of electrospinning could be continuously carried out for more than five hours, and the diameter of nanofibers was about 218 nm, meanwhile, the alignment degree of nanofibers along with the axis of bundle was as far as 76.52%. The cross section of nanofibers was a typical core-shell structure with a tight coating and soft core structure. With the increase of pre-oxidation temperature or time, the degree of dehydrogenation, cyclization and oxidation reactions improved. The degree of crystallinity of pre-oxidation nanofibers first increased, and then decreased with the increase of temperature, and the maximum value was 54.57%. The suitable pre-oxidation temperature was between 260℃ and 280℃ and the time was 1~2h, confirmed by the results of infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and aromatization index.

Electrical and mechanical properties of conductive polytrimethylene terephthalate / polyaniline composite yarns

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  40-46.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161003707

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Aiming at the problem of the continuous conductive treatment method of yarns prepared by In-situ polymerization on low utilization ratio of raw materils, an improved process was presented to prepare conductive polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) / PANI  composite yarns, and the electrical and mechanical properties thereof were studied in detail. The results indecated that high conductivity PTT/PANI composite yarns can be continuously prepared by the improved process. The conductivity of PTT increased first and then decreased, but the conductivity of the composite yarns increased and finally trended to be stable approximately, with the increase of the oxidant APS concentration. The resistance increased exponentially with the stretching of composite yarn in large-strain. And the resistance change is complicated during the small-strain stretch-recovery cycles. The breaking strength and breaking elongation of PTT yarns decreased and the initial modulus increased after the conductive treatment.

Testing method of combustion behavior of loose fibrous assembly by cone calorimeter

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  47-52.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20160301906

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In order to study the combustion property of fibers comprehensively based on the intrinsic property, and to quickly and scientifically evaluate fibers' combustion property and confirm fiber blending scheme as well, a method for evaluate the burning property of fibers by cone calorimeter has been established. The factors that affected the results repeatability have been analyzed. Based on a series of experiments, the testing parameters has been optimized, such as, heat flux, grid covering rate, fiber sample grammage, etc, and the method is verified by further experiments. The results show that when the heat flux is 75 kW/m², grid covering rate is 25%, fiber sample grammage is 600 g/m², and the result data have favourable repeatability with the minimum CV for PHRR. Furthermore, the verification experiments show that the test method has extensive adaptability and good sensitivity.

Mechanical properties in  wool fibers in engineering anhydrous dyeing using supercritical carbon dioxide

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  53-59.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161005007

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The effect of high temperature and pressure supercritical state on mechanical properties of wool fiber was detected in the engineering dyeing processing using supercritical carbon dioxide. In the paper, wool fibers were dyed in supercritical carbon dioxide with Reactive Disperse Red G. Effects of different dyeing temperature, pressure, as well as time on the evolution behavior of mechanical properties were studied. The results showed that the K/S values and the short fiber content of wool were increased with the incerase of dyeing temperature and time while the breaking strength and the elongation at break were decreased with the increasing of dyeing temperature, pressure, as well as time. Moreover, the color fastness to rubbing and soaping reached 4 grade or more after dyeing, and the surface morphology of the wool fibers before and after dyeing were also measured as well.

Calculation of staple yarn strength based on critical slipping length

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  60-67.  doi:10.13457/j.fzxb.20161000408

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In order to obtain a more reasonable approach to estimate staple yarn strength, based on idealized assumptions of yarn structure and definition of critical slipping length, the expression of fiber critical slipping length during yarn breaking process was deduced, as well as the actual contributions that breaking and slipping fibers made to yarn strength. Considering variation of fiber number in each yarn cross section, yarn strength was then calculated by simulating fiber random arrangement in the yarn based on the calculated critical slipping length. Viscose and polyester yarns of various yarn counts and twist multipliers were spun and their strengths were tested for calculation and verification. It could be seen from calculated results that the critical slipping lengths declines with the increase of the yarn twist multiplier. Meanwhile, as the twist multiplier increases, the calculated yarn strength increases to the highest point and then decreases, which is in good agreement with tested results.

Yarn-dyed fabric defect detection based on deep-convolutional neural network

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  68-74.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161001707

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Focusing on the problems of high error detection and omission rate of traditional artificial fabric defect detection，this paper presents a yarn-dyed fabric defect detection method, which based on the deep-convolutional neural network. The fabric image contains much noise and has low signal noise ratio (SNR), and optimal dimension Gauss filter as preprocessing is conducted firstly for the sampled images to remove the detailed noise. Secondly, the deep-convolutional neural network is established based on the features of fabric samples, nonlinear mapping ability of radial basis function neural network acts upon convolutional neural network,  weight parameters are adjusted via back propagation algorithm, and a mapping function between defect free samples and training samples can be obtained. Finally, the mapping function and features dictionary are used to reconstruct image and extract features, according to the Meanshift algorithm to segment the defects and determine the fabric defect position by two value. The experimental results demonstrate that the method based on the deep-convolutional neural network can achieve the purpose of improving efficiency, shortening the time of measurement, and obtaining an accurate defect image.

Friction and wear properties of stratified 3-D woven carbon fiber preform reinforced phenolic resin-based composites

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  75-80.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161000607

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In order to overcome shortcoming of the shorter fiber and two-dimensional carbon fabric reinforced perform on low structure strength, this paper designed and prepared the deep crossing linking woven and the curved shallow crossing linking woven carbon fabrics reinforced phenolic resin composits. And the shorter carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin composites were prepared under the same conditions as the controlled trial. The friction and wear properties of the carbon fiber/phenolic resin (C/PR) composites were tested and the three kinds of worn surfaces were observed. The results showed that: the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the shorter fiber composite was the highest, the curved shallow crossing linking woven C/PR composite has the lowest friction coefficient and the wear rate, and shallow curved cross-linking in the middle. The three dimensional woven structure of layered joint has excellent mechanical and integrity of the composite material and can reduce wear dust adn wear loss of the composite in the friction process, and keeps stable friction coefficient, so that the composite has good frictional properties.

Method for calculating fiber length distribution based on hierarchical model of random-beard

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  81-89.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161001509

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A special hierarchical model was proposed to overcome the bottleneck on the fiber length distribution analysis by a random-beard image method, which is a new method for fiber length determination. Based on the two-end characteristic of random-beard, this model can figure out the proportion of fibers shorter than certain thresholds, and derive out a series of formulas for converting fibrogram to cumulative diagram and length frequency histogram via discontinuous point operations, avoiding the previous differential operations which magnified the measurement noise and lead to serious measurement errors. Both cotton and wool ware tested, respectively with the gauge of 2 mm and 6 mm, using these formulas and a single fiber measurement method. The histograms show that the mean differences of the weight frequencies of each length group from the two methods, are 0.31% and 0.26%, respectively, and the differences are all less than 1%, which means the measurements from the two methods have a good agreement. The new calculation method in this paper is highly precise and valuable for the data processing of fiber length measuring instruments.

Influence factors of frequency response characteristics for new velvet fabric with frequency selective surface

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  90-98.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161100310

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With the metallic yarns as the conductive structure unit material, the new frequency selective fabrics based on U velvet were papered by velvet weaving method to explore the frequency response characteristics of flexible frequency selective surface. By testing and analyzing transmission coefficient of samples, influence factors of frequency response characteristics were studied. With the increase of unit structure size, line spacing, velvet height or inclination angle of testing, the resonant frequency shifts to low frequency, the density of the conductive yarns is increased, and the resonant frequency is moved to the high frequency, with the same unit bottom length, the resonant frequency of different U connectins has little change. The increasing of the number of the same U connecting leads to the lower frequency. When silver fiber is used as the unit conductive material, the resonance peak and bandwidth of the sample are larger. And the resonant peak of bare copper wire samples is sharper and steeper. U type velvet fabric has the stability performance of the angle of incidence, but has a great influence on the way of polarization.

Influence of composite yarn's structures on yarn strength efficiency

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  99-105.  doi:10.13475/J.fzxb.20161003607

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Yarn strength efficiency is one of the indexes whether the performance of raw materials is fully utilized. On the premise of unchanging the material, adapting a new spinning means to adjust yarn structure is one of the ways to improve its strength efficiency. This paper studied the strength efficiencies of single yarn, plied yarn and wrapped yarn. The theoretical model can depict the single-yarn strength efficiency coefficients of the three yarns under different twist factors. The single yarn and plied yarn are spun on ring spinning frame, and the wrapped yarn is spun on fancy twisting frame. Considering the growth of yarn linear density and twist factor caused by twisting, the single-yarn strength coefficients are used for comparison. The results are similar to the theoretical prediction. Therefore, the model can be used to quantitatively determine the change trends of strength efficiency coefficients, which can be applied to find optimum twisting parameter before spinning, and play a guiding role in production practices.

Design and development of warp- knitted fabric with electrostatic  barrier effect

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  106-110.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20160601005

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The influence of different weft structure and mass fraction of tourmaline fabric on the electrostatic barrier behaviors of warp knitted structure fabric was investigated in this paper. The fabric with electrostatic barrier effect of was prepared from the polyester yarn and polyvinylidene fluoride fiber by the combination of warp plain and lining weft process. Tourmaline solution was utilized during the finishing treatment, so that the fabric have a function of electrostatic adsorption effect. The filtration efficiency of fabric of same lining weft process treated with different concentration of tourmaline was measured, that of fabric of different lining weft process treated  with the same concentration of tourmaline was measured, and by comparison, the best lining weft process and tourmaline solution concentration were determined. The results indicated that the fabric has the best filtration efficiency when the tourmatline solution concentration in the finishing treatment was 30%. Under the same condition, when the filter screen was woven by the combination of one-partition-two-lining process, the fabric had the best filter property.

Pattern design and production process of warp-knitted single-layer stereo jacquard shoe-upper

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  111-116.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20160406306

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In order to optimize design and production of the single-layer stereo jacquard shoe-upper, a shoe upper patern design method and a  jacquard pattern design method were put forward in this paper, and the production process of this fabric was researched. In the design of shoe-upper, shoe-upper feature points’ positions were obtained by the baseline design method. Design principles and considerations of the shoe-uppers were summarized, which were set in parallel configuration and staggered arrangement. And the jacquard design method was explored according to the shoe upper appearance and functionality requirements. In the production process, the jacquard principles of lapping in the same and reverse direction were firstly studied. Secondly, this fabric’s design methods of material, structure design, process parameters and the finishing process were summarized in reference to existing single-layer shoe-upper fabrics’ manufacturing technology. It is contribute to design and product the single layer structure jacquard shoe-upper.

Thermochromic mechanism and performance of polyester fabric based on sol-microsphere process

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  117-122.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161000206

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Polyester fabrics were dyed with thermochromic dye prepared by sol-microsphere process. Influences of dye concentration, pH and time on the K/S values were discussed. The thermochromic mechanism of the dyed fabric was analyzed by FTIR. The reversible thermochromic property, response rate and time of the thermochromic polyester fabric were also investigated. Results showed K/S value of the polyester fabrics dyed with 6 g/L dye concentration at pH=6 for 90 min was 11, meanwhile the rubbing fastness and washing fastness were all above 4 scale，showing good dyeing performance. The dyed fabric gradually changed from blue to colorless from 30°C to 55°C because of the decrease of the conjugated system caused by electron transfer of the thermochromic dye under heating effect. The dyed fabric can restore to blue at lower temperature, the color difference was 30, thermochromic response rate was 17 s-1, and response time was 1 s. In consequence, the thermochromic polyester fabric prepared based on sol-microcapsule process has reversible and sensitive thermochromic properties.

Preparation of bismuth tungstate coated polyester fabric and its photocatalytic activity

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  123-128.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161000906

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In order to investigate the degradation efficiency of the dyes in the presence of Bi2WO6 coated polyester fabric, the polyester fabrics were treated by butyl acrylate, and then coated with the mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Bi2WO6 (denoted as SDS-Bi2WO6), and Bi2WO6, respectively. The surface morphology, crystal structure, particle size and chemical structure of the coated polyester fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the water-repellent property and UV protection of SDS-Bi2WO6 and Bi2WO6 coated polyester fabrics were examined. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet light irradiation. The results show that the as-synthesis Bi2WO6 particles are orthorhombic phase and are uniformly coated on the surface of polyester fabric. Compared with the SDS-Bi2WO6 coated polyester fabric, the Bi2WO6 coated polyester fabric possesses the excellent UV protection and hydrophobicity properties. Bi2WO6 coated polyester fabric possesses the better photocatalytic activity than the SDS-Bi2WO6 coated polyester fabric. The degradation rate of methylene blue reaches 92% after UV illuminating for 7 h.

Wet-steaming fixation of cotton fabric padded with reactive blue 19 in a low water content state

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  129-133.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161002805

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In order to reduce the serious reactive dye hydrolysis ascribed to high pick-up and slowly heating of the wet fabric in the conventional pad-steam (P-S) dyeing process, a vacuum-dehydration procedure was employed for the padded cotton fabric prior to steaming (low-water content-wet steaming (L-W-S) dyeing process). Reactive blue 19 was adopted as an example to investigate the influences of fabric water content, steaming time and Na2CO3 concentration on the steaming fixation of padded fabrics with low water content. Comparisons of the color strength ( K/S value) and dye fixation rate (F) of the cotton fabrics dyed with the L-W-S dyeing process and the conventional pad-(dry)-steam [P-(D)-S] dyeing process was made. The results show that both K/S value and F of the dyed cotton fabrics obtained from the former process are higher than those from the later process. Incorporating vacuuum-dehydration procedure in the P-S dyeing process offers a potential way to improve reactive dye fixation.

Structure and properties of cotton fabric by amide modification of silk fibroin

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  134-140.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161004707

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For producing multifunctional ecological cotton fabrics, cotton fabrics were selectively oxidized by HNO3/H3PO4-NaNO2 mediate system to introduce the carboxyl groups in cellulose, and then fibroin was bonded with oxidized cotton fabric by the amide reaction. The influence of oxidation time of HNO3/H3PO4-NaNO2 on carboxyl content and tensile strength of oxidized cotton fabrics was studied, and the influence of oxidation time, mass concentration and treatment time of fibroin on graft yield of oxidized cotton fabric was investigated and the fibroin graft yield of 10.43% was obtained when the oxidation time and graft time were chosen as 1 h and 2 h, respectively. The analysis of NMR, FT-IR, SEM and XPS illustrated that the primary hydroxyl at C6 position in glucose units of cotton fiber was selectively oxidized to carboxyl group by HNO3/H3PO4-NaNO2 system, subsequently the amido bond of C-N was formed by the reaction between amino groups in silk fibroin and carboxyl groups in oxidized cotton fabric and the fibroin film covered on the surface of oxidized cotton fabrics by the covalent crosslinking. The breaking strength and whiteness of fibroin grafted cotton fabrics slightly decreased, whereas the properties of wrinkle recovery and moisture adsorption of modified fabrics markedly increased. 3.45 times as much honeysuckle extract adsorbed on the fibroin grafted cotton fabric was released than original cotton fabric. Furthermore, the fibroin grafted carboxylic cotton fabric treated with honeysuckle extract had a good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli after 30 washes by water.

Function finishing and anti-dripping property of polyethylene terephthalate fabbrie coated with graphene oxide

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  141-145.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161002605

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Polyethylene terephthalate（PET）fabric was functional finished with graphene oxide (GO) and coupling agent KH560 by conventional pad-dry-cure method. The influence of functional finish on anti-dripping property and structure of the fabric was investigated. The results showed that PET fabric had no dripping with the good char forming at time of combustion. SEM result show that the graphene oxide film is formed uniformly on the surface of PET fabric and the residue char after burning had the intrinsic structure of PET fabric with the dense and tight sate. The thermal property changed a little, and XPS data analysis show that the ratio of C/O decreased and the function group C=O increased in the char after vertical burning test. Hence, the addition of GO play the physical role on the dripping resistance of coated PET fabrics apparently.

Adsorption properties of oxides loaded wool activated carbon for simulated dye wastewater

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  146-151. 

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In order to improve the adsorption decoloring capacity of wool activated carbon, Fe (NO3) 3 and Cu (NO3) 2 were used as dipping solution to prepare wool activated carbon which was loaded with different kinds of metal oxide. The loading effect of metal oxide loaded wool activated carbon was analysed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and specific surface area experiment. The influences of adsorption properties upon the wool activated carbon were studied by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometery. The results show that the adsorption and decolorization effect of wool activated carbon can be improved by the loaded oxide, and the effect of iron oxide is better than copper oxide. The optimum process parameters are as follows: Fe(NO3)3 is 0.2-0.25mol/L, load calcination time of 2 h and load calcinations temperature of 400℃.

Influence of waterproof permeable layer on thermal and moisture protective performance of firefighter protective clothing in fire disaster

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  152-158.  doi:10.13475/是。博观约取。20161000307

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In order to evaluate the influence of waterproof permeable layer on thermal and moisture protective performance of firefighter protective clothing, an newly-developed testing apparatus was employed to characterize the thermal and moisture protective performance of various fabric systems under dry and wet heat exposure conditions, and analyze the relation between basic parameters of the waterproof permeable layer and thermal protective performance. The results demonstrated that the increase of thickness and weight of the waterproof permeable layer can increase the thermal protective performance provided from the fabric system under dry beat exposure condition, while the fabric system having the waterproof permeable layer obviously improve the thermal and moisture protective performance. The fabric’s moisture regain and air permeability are the important factors influencing the steam transfer. In addition, the total heat energy is transferred by the phase change of hot steam, so that the protection from hot steam is to reduce the steam penetration and absorption.

Material consumption forecasting mode of flat knitting sweater

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  159-164.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20160707006

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To analyze the question of raw materials consumption of knitted sweaters, sweaters with five basic structures were studied. On the basis of some  assumptions, the loop models of common structures were established according to relevant parameters of knitting state of the needle bed, and then the length geometrical model of five basic structures were deduced. According to the number of the number of coils and the linear densities of the five structures, the relevant parameter vectors were illustrated by mathematic matrix to conclude expressions of the sweater consumption model. With the proposed model, the weight of sweaters with basic structures can be predicted, and by the experimental results, the accurac of model is verified to reach forecasting consumption error within 3%. With the proposed model, the weight of sweaters with basic structures can be predicted, which provides enterprises with references for cost.

Application of closed loop control on warp knitting of let-off system

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  165-169.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20160606806

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The warp knitting machine control system is a nonlinear system at a time of change for the warp production. It is required to have fast response, high control accuracy and stability, particularly to high-speed warp knitting machine. The ststem was designed on the basis of the closed loop control of the let-off system of a warp knitting machine. The principle, method and components were introduced in this paper. The DSP digital controller is created as a warp core component of the control unit. It is showed that the beam motor speed for the next period is obtained by measuring wia a feedback roller. Besides to achieve the let-off system of real-time online adjustments, it is calculated and corrected in intelligent PID controller according to the deviation of amount of let-off. When a is made, it is concluded the system possesses the nature of high accuracy, response and stability.

Vibro-acoustic coupling simulation of 3-D circular braiding machine’s head section under different working conditions

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  170-176.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161006607

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To study the noise produced in the 3-D braiding process of 3D circular braiding machine, a 3-D model of its head section was established. By importing this model into ANSYS Workbench, the modal analysis was carried out and the natural frequencies of the head section were obtained, as well as the modal vibration modes. According to the principle of avoiding natural frequencies, the working conditions were determined. With the multi-body dynamics model of gear transmission set up by Adams, the time-varying force data of both gear mesh and bearing reaction were obtained. And then, the time-varying forces data were converted into frequency domain data by FFT method, which was used as the exciting forces in the model built by LMS Virtual Lab. Combining the modal analysis data with the frequency domain data of bearing reaction forces, the vibro-acoustic coupling model was investigated. Finally, the noise fields under different loads and speeds were obtained, verifying that the designed working conditions could meet the requirement, and the results could provide a reference for the vibro-acoustic research of braiding machine and the field management of practical engineering.

Three-dimensional modeling and deformation for weft knitted fabric loops

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  177-183.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161000107

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In order to obtain mechanical behavior and volumetric characteristic of weft knitted fabric, a loop model was built on the improved mass-spring model. The problem that the non-uniform rational B spline curve (NURBS) can not pass through all bonding points was solved by using the interpolation algorithm which can form new bonding points and the points are linked by NURBS. In order to simulate the twist of folded yarn, the NURBS is regarded as the geometric center with four cylinders around. Three relative Euler angles were calculated by the spatial coordinates of adjacent points. The relationship between the variables of the loop and the displacement of the mass was analyzed by measuring the variables of the loop. The displacement of the mass and mechanics equations were calculated by velocity-Verlet numerical integration methods. Based on the Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 integrated development tools and OpenGL 3-D graphics library, 3-D simulation of weft knitted fabrics can be realized visually on the computer screen.

Modeling and experimental study on yarn’s cross-section compression deformation

JOURNAL OF TEXTILE RESEARCH. 2017, 38(02):  184-190.  doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20161004207

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In order to overcome drawbacks of the conventional yarn evenness tester in predicting fabric appearance quality, this paper presents the characterization of the individual yarn deformation and its influence on the resulting quality of the fabric appearance. In the model, the yarn deformation parameters such as the cross-secional area, the yarn cross-sectional perimeter, the void ratio, the yarn flattening ratio f and yarn density were evaluated. Using mathematical modeling, the cross-sectional area and perimeter were presumed as the critical yarn cross-sectional parameters for predicting the fabric appearance quality. Then the finite element modeling (FEM) method and experiment verification were performed to analyze the variation of the cross-sectional area and perimeter in the process of weaving. The results show that the cross-sectional area varhes almost 2 to 3 times greater than the cross-sectional perimeter. The corrilation analysis among the major ellipse radius, the cross-sectional perimeter, and the cross-sectional area are further conducted. The findings reveal a weak correlation between amjor ellipse radius and cross-sictional perimeter, while major ellipse radirs and cross-sectional area are uncorrelated.